Cardiovascular Flashcards
1
Q
Preload
A
approximately the EDV, amount of blood returned to heart from veins
2
Q
Afterload
A
Approximately MAP, amount in arteries after systole.
3
Q
Ejection fraction
A
EF=SV/EDV
4
Q
Stroke Volume
A
EDV-ESV
5
Q
Flow
A
(Change in P)/Resistance
6
Q
Flow again
A
(Change Pressure * pi R to the fourth)/(8viscosity*length)
7
Q
Inotropy
A
Change in contractility
8
Q
Chronotropy
A
Change in HR
9
Q
A wave
A
atrial contraction (not seen in A fib)
10
Q
S1
A
mitral and tricuspid valve closure
11
Q
S2
A
aortic and pulmonary valve closure
12
Q
S3
A
mitral regurg heart failure dilated cardiomyopathy Pregnancy Childhoof
13
Q
fixed Split S2 heard
A
ASD
14
Q
S4
A
Ventricular hypertrophy
15
Q
C wave
A
RV contraction
16
Q
x descent
A
atrial relaxation and downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve during ventricular contraction
17
Q
v wave
A
increase right atrial pressure due to filling against closed tricuspid valves
18
Q
y descent
A
RA emptying into RV
19
Q
wide S2 split
A
pulmonic stenosis
RBBB
(from delayed emptying of RV)
20
Q
Paradoxical splitting
A
aortic stenosis
LBBB
Reversed-P2 before A2
21
Q
Crescendo Decrescendo systolic murmur
A
Aortic Stenosis
22
Q
pulsus parvus et tardus
A
(Pulses weak with delayed peak)
Aortic Stenosis
23
Q
calcification of bicuspid aortic valve
A
Aortic stenosis
24
Q
Holosystolic blowing murmur
A
Mitral/tricuspid regurg
25
Late systolic crescendo with midsystolic click
Mitral valve prolapse
26
Harsh holosystolic murmur
VSD
27
Blowing early diastolic murmur
aortic regurg
28
hyperdynamic pulse
Aortic regurg
29
Opening snap with diastolic rumble
Mitral stenosis
30
Machine like murmur
PDA
31
Long QT predisposes to...
Torsades de pointes
32
Drug Induced Long QT
```
antiArrhythmics (class IA, III)
antiBiotics (macrolides)
antiCychotics (haloperidol)
antiDepressants (TCAs)
antiEmetics (Ondansetron)
```
33
Treatment for Torasades
Mg sulfate
34
Autosomal dominant congenital long QT syndrome without deafness
Romano-Ward Syndrome
35
Autosomal recessive congenital long QT with deafness
Jervell Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
36
Asian males with RBBB
Brugada
37
ST elevations in V1-V3
Brugada
38
delta wave
Wolff Parkinson White
39
Chaotic and erratice baseline with no discrete P waves
Atrial Fibrillation
40
rapid succession of identical back to back atrial p waves
Atrial Flutter
41
Completely erratic rhythm with no discernible waves
Ventricular fibrillation
42
Prolonged PR interval
1st Degree AV block
43
Progressive lengthening of PR with an eventual dropped beat
Second Degree Mobitz type 1 AV block
44
Dropped beat with no change in PR length
Second degree Moritz type 2 AV block
45
Atria and ventricles beat independently of each other
Third Degree AV block
46
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an estimation of
Left atrial pressure
47
Associated with VSD
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
| Fetal Alcohol syndrome
48
Due to a failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
Transposition of the great vessels
49
Associated with maternal diabetes
Transposition of the great vessels
50
Requires both ASD and VSD for survival
Tricuspid atresia
51
Boot shaped heart on chest xray
Tetralogy of Fallot
52
Squatting improves cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
53
pulmonary veins drain into right heart
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
54
Most common congenital heart defect
VSD
55
Associated with Down's Syndrome
ASD
56
Congenital rubella
PDA
57
Machine like murmur
PDA
58
Turner's syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta
59
Associated with bicuspid aortic valve
Coarctation of the aorta
| Thoracic aortic aneurysm
60
Hypertension in upper extreme with weak delayed pulse in lower
Coarctation of the aorta
61
Associated with PDA
Total Anomalous pulmonary venous return
| Coarctation of the aorta
62
Prenatal lithium exposure
Ebstein anomaly
63
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Williams syndrome
64
Concentric hypertrophy
HTN (pressure overload)
65
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Volume overload
66
Pipestem apperance on Xray
Monckeberg Calcific sclerosis
67
Process of Atherosclerosis
```
Endothelial dysfunction
LDL accumulation
Macrophage accumulation
Foam cell formation
Fatty streaks
Smooth muscle cell migration(PDGF/FGF)
fibrous plaque
```
68
Cystic medial degeneration
Thoracic Aortic aneurysm
69
mediastinal widening on CXR
Aortic dissection
70
Q waves
transmural infarcts
71
V1-V2
Anteroseptal
72
V3-V4
Anteroapical
73
V5-V6
Anterolateral
74
I, aVL
Lateral
75
II, III, aVF
Inferior
76
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
```
alcohol
Wet beriberi
Cocaine
Coxsackie Virus
Chagas
Doxorubicin
Hemachromatosis
sarcoidosis
peripartum
```
77
Balloon apperance
Dilated cardiomyopathy
78
Associated with Friedrich ataxia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
79
endocardial fibrosis with prominent eosinophilic infiltrate
Loffler Syndrome
80
Low voltage ECG
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
| Cardiac tamponade
81
Roth spots
Endocarditis-round white spots on retina
82
Osler nodes
Endocarditis tender raised lesions on fingers or toe pads
83
Janeway lesions
Endocarditis small painless erythematous lesions on palmorsole
84
splinter hemorrhages
endocarditis
85
Criteria for Rheumatic fever
```
JONES
Joint
carditis
Nodules in skin
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
```
86
Aschoff bodies
Rheumatic fever-granuloma with giant cells
87
Antischkow cells
Rheumatic fever-enlarged macrophages with ovoid, wavy, rod like nucleus
88
relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
acute pericarditis
89
Friction rub
acute pericarditis
90
RBBB in asian male
Brugada
91
ST segment elevation and/or PR depression
acute pericarditis
92
pulsus paradoxus
```
cardiac tamponade
asthma
obstructive sleep apnea
percarditis
croup
```
93
Mass in left atrium in adults
myxomas
94
ball valve
myxomas
95
early tumor plop sound
myxomas
96
pedunculated
myxomas
97
associated with tuberous sclerosis
rhabdomyomas
98
Causes of Kussmaul sign
constrictive pericarditis
restrictive cardiomyopathy
RA or RV tumors
99
benign capillary skin papillose with neutrophilic infiltrate
bacillary angiomatosis
100
benign capillary hemangioma of elderly
cherry hemangioma
101
cavernous lymphangioma of neck
cystic hygroma - Turner syndrome
102
benign, painful red-blue tumor under fingernails
glomus tumor
103
endothelial malignancy with lymphocytic infiltrate
Kaposi sarcoma
104
benign capillary hemangioma of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma
105
Headache, jaw claudition, blindness
Temporal Arteritis
106
Young asian females with decreased pulse in upper extremities
Takayasu arteritis
107
Hep B seropositivity
Polyarteritis nodosa
108
spares the lungs
polyarteritis nodosa
109
String of pearls
polyarteritis nodosa
110
cornoary artery aneurysms most common cause of death
Kawasaki disease
111
Associated with smoking
Buerger disease
112
Autoamputation of digits
Buerger disease
113
Asthma, sinusitis, skin findings
Churg Strauss
114
Most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
115
IgA immune complex deposition
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
