Renal Flashcards
Ion reg.
Na,K, Cl,Ca,phosphate
Kidney functions
Ion reg.,pH,vol.,pressure,osmolarity,hormones,blood glucose,excretion of wastes
Ph reg.
Excretes hydrogen and conserves bicarb
Reg. of blood volume
Eliminates or conserves water
Reg. of bp
Secretes renin and which activates renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway, causes increase in bp
Hormones
- )Releases calcitrol (vit. d). Regulates calcium homeostasis
2) erythropoietin rbc production
Reg. of glucose
Can use gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from glutamine.
Excretion of waste
Uri. Acid. bilirubin, creatinine, drugs, toxins, plasma free hgb.
Kidney size
10-12 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide , 3cm thick. Weigh about 135-150 grams
Renal capsule
Deepest layer. Smooth transparent layer. Continuous with outer cover of ureter. Provides barrier and protection from trauma. Helps maintain shape.
Adipose capsule
Middles layer, fatty tissue surrounding renal capsule, protects kidney and holds it into place.
Renal fascia
Dense irregular connective tissue, anchors kidney to abdominal walls and other structures.
Renal hilum or hilus contains
Ureter, lymphatics, blood vessels, nerves
Renal medulla
Several cone shaped pyramids. The wider end or base faces the renal cortex and the apex faces the hilum
Renal cortex
Superficial and light red area. Smooth textured. Areas between medullas are part of cortex called columns
Renal lobe
Renal pyramid plus half of column
Parenchyma
Functional part of kidney. Functional part of kidney.
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney. About 1 million per kidney
Percentage of body mass.
.5%
Percentage of CO
20-25% about 1200 ml/min.
Renal artery divides into
Segmental arteries which supply a segment of kidney
Segmental branch into
Interlobar arteries which enter parenchyma through columns and at the base interlobar arteries branch into renal medulla and renal cortex called accurate arteries.
Accurate produce
Interlobular arteries and pass between renal lobules. They go to cortex and branch into afferent arterioles
Each nephron receives
One afferent arteriole which divide into a tangled cap network called a glomerelus
Glomerular arterioles unite to form
Efferent arterioles. Glomerular caps unique because they are between two arterioles
Efferent arterioles further divide to form
Peritubular caps. Which surround tubular parts of nephron in cortex
Vasa recta
Supply tubular parts of nephron in medulla
Parts of nephron
Renal corpuscle Where plasma is filtered. Made up of glomerulus and glomerulus capsule. Renal tubule where filtered plasma passes through.proximal and distal convoluted tubule, and the loop of henle
Cortical nephrons
80-85 percent of nephrons. peri tubular caps for absorption. Have short LOH
Juxtamedullary nephrons
In cortex next to medulla but have long LOH that is in medulla. Use peri tubular caps and vasa recta for absorption
Flow through cortical nephron
Glomerular (bowman’s) capsule > proximal convoluted tubule > descending limb of the loop of Henle , ascending limb of LOH > distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct > papillary duct
Flow through juxtamedullary nephron
Bowman capsule > proximal convoluted tubule > descending limb of LOH > thin ascending limb of LOH > thick ascending loop of LOH, distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct > papillary duct
Rest urinary system drains from
Nephron to papillary duct. They go to minor calyces.
Minor calyces
Receive urine from one papilla. 8-18 per kidney.
Major calyces
Receive urine from minor calyces. 2-3 per kidney. They go to the ureter than the urinary bladder.
