Aorta Neck and Brain Flashcards
ligamnetum arteriosum
fibrous connective tissue cord. connects deep surface of aortic arch to bifurcation in pulmonary trunk. remnants of ductus arteriosus (fetal circulation)
aortic arch
terminates at T4 vertebral level. becomes thoracic aorta below diaphragm is decending aorta.
right brachiocephalic
branches into right carotid artery which supplies right side of head, neck, brain and the right subclavian which supplies right upper extremity, some to brain and branch of heart.
left carotid
supplies left side of head, neck, and brain
left subclavian
supplies left upper extremity, some to brain and branch to heart
phrenic nerve
arises from c3-c5 nerves, supplies diaphragm. if injured paralysis of diaphragm on that side
4 parts of brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
cerebrum
controls thought. center for perception, communication, understanding, and memory
fold
gyri or convolutions
deep grooves
fissures
shallower grooves
sulci
cerebrum longitudinal fissure
separates cerebrum into left and right hemispheres
corpus callosum
connects cerebral hemispheres
cerebral lobes
temporal, parietal, occipital, frontal
central sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobe
pre central gyrus
anterior to the central sulcus (primary motor area)
post central gyrus
posterior to central sulcus (primary somatosensory area)
vertebral artery
branch of subclavian and supplies posterior brain
internal carotid artery
branch of common carotid. supplies anterior brain
external carotid artery
branch of common carotid artery. supplies face and neck
circle of willis
anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery , anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
courses superior and then posteriorly along corpus callosum
anterior communicating artery
branch off of anterior cerebral artery. very short and connects two anterior cerebral arteries
middle cerebral artery
between parietal and temporal lobes
anterior communicating artery
connects anterior cerebral arteries together
posterior communicating artery
connects each internal carotid to basilar
collateral circulation within circle of willis
anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery
anterior circulation
main source: two internal carotids, internal carotid artery divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries. functions as majority of cerebral circ. obstruction causes contralateral motor and sensory deficit
posterior circulation
main source is two vertebral arteries which combine to form basilar artery basilar divide to form posterior cerebral arteries. functions to supply cerebrum brain stem. obstruction equals vision loss and vertigo
strokes left dominant
aphasia, right hemiparesis, right sided sensory loss, right visual field defect, poor right conjugate gaze, dysarthria, difficulty reading, writing or calculating
strokes right dominant
neglect of left visual field, extinction of left sided stimuli,
left hemiparesis, left sided sensory loss, left visual field defect, poor left conjugate gaze, dysarthria, spatial disorientation
ischemic brain infarcts : strokes
vessel wall embolus (most common), carotid artery most common source. related to thrombus formation distal to stenosis
cardiac source of strokes
atrial fibrillation, mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, calcified mitral annulus, ventricular aneurysm or dyskinesia, atrial or ventricular clot, valvular vegetation, atrial septal defect
other vascular sources of strokes
intracranial artery thrombus (esp. blacks), aortic atherosclerotic plaque, transient hypotension with carotid stenosis > 75%
