Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals Part 2 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

How much of water makes up body weight

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much of total body water content is intracellular?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of the total body water content is extracellular

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up the extracellular fluids?

A

Interstitial fluid, plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what percent of interstitial fluid makes up the extracellular content

A

3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what percent of plasma makes up the extracellular fluid

A

1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what’s a major factor for the health of the individual cell health

A

ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many nephron units/kidney

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes up the nephron

A

the glomerulus and renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the glomerulus made up of

A

capillary network surrounded by bowmans capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the sequence of renal blood flow

A

afferent arterioles send blood to the glomerular capillaries(1st capillary network) then to efferent arteries to the peritubular capillaries (2nd) then to venous capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can you explain the unusual vascular arrangement in the nephron

A

arterioles enter and exit the Bowman’s capsule to go through a two capillary bed system (series) with the peritubular capillary bed 2nd then to venous cap.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why would a kidney transplant still show autoregulation btw 50-150

A

because there’s no nerve innervation, so no sympathetic and parasympathetic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whats erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by kidneys that make RBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is tuboglomerular feedback and what parts are involved

A

regulation of renal blood flow via juxtaglomerular apparatus & macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the ideal location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

the juxtaglomerular cells & macula densa are closely associated with vacular pole of the nephron and the distal renal tubule to sense the GF composition and make adjustments to the arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If overall blood flow to kidney is inadequate, what occurs

A

kidney releases large quantity of renin which will increase blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whats the biggest cause for problems in the glomerular capillary membrane

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is nephrotic syndrome

A

leakage of very large amounts of protein from the glomerulus results in massive proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the result of nephrotic syndrome (pathophys)

A

edema and hypoproteinemia (low protein in blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

creatinine clearance

A

measurement to assess GFR. serum creatinine is filtered by the glomerulus and filtrate concentrations are minimally altered by the tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a normal range of creatinine clearance

A

100-120

24
Q

what would a creatinine clearance of around 60 indicate

A

loss of nephron units

25
Q

what is inulin

A

a substance used to measure GFR because it can be completely filtered thru the glomerulus without being secreted nor reabsorbed

26
Q

what is the fick principle

A

measurement of the GFR using serum concentration of inulin and urine concentration

27
Q

where is Aldosterone produced/stored

A

adrenal gland

28
Q

what directs the adrenal gland to produce/store aldosterone

A

pituitary gland

29
Q

what controls the release of aldosterone

A

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

30
Q

what is aldosterone’s main function

A

increase Na+ reabsorption late distal tubules and collecting ducts

31
Q

what percent of cardiac output contributes to renal blood flow?

A

about 22% (1200 cc’s/min)

32
Q

In terms of Starling Forces, an increase in pressure within Bowman’s capsule will have what affect on the GFR

A

it will decrease

33
Q

what is one reason/example of how there could be an increase in pressure within Bowman’s capsule

A

a urinary tract obstruction

34
Q

Angiotensin II acts on:

A

constricting the efferent arteriole; increasing GFR but also increases reabsorptive forces for Na+ and H20 at peritubular capillaries

35
Q

ADH:

A

antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin is a hormone from the posterior pituitary gland; increases h20 reabsorption during increased osmolarity (when body needs it, such as dehydration) vs. ECF/serum osmolarity low then ADH withheld and water excreted…

36
Q

what is SIADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate secretion ADH ur body doesn’t withhold ADH properly so too much fluid retention, lower NA+ serum

37
Q

what senses the osmolarity in the body fluids and tells the pituitary to secrete ADH

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

what does atrial natriuretic peptide ANP do

A

inhibits reabsorption of Na+, H20 (opposing the action of aldosterone)

39
Q

what secretes ANP & why

A

cardiac arterial cells, when there’s distension of atria ( too much preload)

40
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid hormone

A

secreted in response to low serum Ca++ it increases renal reabsorption of Ca++ while phosphate reabsorption is decreased

41
Q

how does the renal system contribute to acid base homeostasis

A

secrete and reabsorb HCO3- (bicarbonate) and excrete fixed acids such as NH4

42
Q

what does renal hypoperfusion refer to

A

one of the 3 types of acute renal failure. When your body is hypovolemic caused by hemorrhage, GI fluid loss, or pancreatitis (3rd spacing)

43
Q

what would cause post acute renal failure

A

calculi, tumors, and prostatic hypertrophy

44
Q

what are some examples of intrinsic renal failure

A

atherosclerosis/blood clots, aortic aneurysm, glomerular disease, most commonly-acute tubular necrosis, others incude: myogloinuria, toxins, HTN, & interstitial nephritis

45
Q

what is the time of onset in regards to acute renal failure

A

hours to days

46
Q

what is the time of onset for chronic RF

A

months to years

47
Q

what are some causes of CRF

A

Diabetes** HTN, obstruction, infection, a severe loss of nephrons

48
Q

what would be a common manifestation of renal failure?

A

Oliguria (less than 400 ml/day…. a sign of decline in GFR

49
Q

what are some signs/symptoms of CRF

A

uremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, osteoporosis, volume overload, peripheral neuropathy, anorexia, and endocrine disturbances.

50
Q

what is the range of specific gravity of urine

A

from 1035 (extremely concentrated) to 1001 (dilue).

51
Q

what is an isotonic specific gravity

A

SG of 1010 isotonic with normal serum osmolarity (295 mOsm/l)

52
Q

what are some abnormal constituents in urine?

A

glucose, protein, hematuria (RBC or hemoglobin), WBC’s, crystals, casts (indicates glomerulus bleeding) and bilirubin

53
Q

How would you prevent ARF

A

proper hydration, treatment of Strep infections, caution with nephrotoxic drugs

54
Q

Prevention for CRF

A

aggressive tx Diabetics, control HTN, adequate tx strep.

55
Q

How is diabetes insipid us caused:

A

ADH is withheld so u have extreme thirst & pee out lots of dilute urine

56
Q

About what % nephrons lost b4 see rise in creatinine level from .8-1.4

A

About 70%, hence y u can function with only one kidney

Fundamentals Part 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions