Acid/Base

Question 1

What does our body tend to move towards between acidosis and alkadosis

Answer 1

acidosis (as a result of ketone bodies, etc etc)

Question 2

whats a normal range pH

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

What are the three main buffer systems in body

Answer 3

Bicarbonate, inorganic Phosphate, & Plasma Proteins (Albumin)

Question 4

How would hyperventilation affect free Ca++

Answer 4

(Carpal pedal spasm) It would decrease H+ ion leaving Albumin with a negative charge more free to bind to Ca++ resulting in a lowered state of Ca++ (could lead to acute hypocalcemia)

Question 5

How can we use Arterial Blood Gases (ABG’s) to diagnosis & differentiate respiratory acid base disorders

Answer 5

pCO2 goes up by 10mm, pH will decrease by .1

Question 6

what is a normal pCO2

Answer 6

40

Question 7

If pCO2 is 50. what is their pH

Answer 7

7.3 (respiratory acidosis)

Question 8

If pCO2 is at 30 with a normal level Bicarb (24) what is their pH

Answer 8

7.5 (respiratory alkadosis)

Question 9

What would a higher than normal (24) Bicarb measure indicate:

Answer 9

metabolic alkadosis

Question 10

What would a lower than normal Bicarb measure indicate:

Answer 10

metabolic acidosis

Question 11

Pregnancy is a condition associated with what type of acid/base disorder

Answer 11

respiratory alkalosis

Question 12

a metabolic acidosis will have what type of compensatory effort

Answer 12

respiratory alkalosis

Question 13

What would you see on a ABG with partial compensatory respiratory alkadosis for metabolic acidosis

Answer 13

Low bicarb count, low pH, and lower pCO2

Question 14

What would you see in a mixed acid/base acidosis on a ABG

Answer 14

High pCO2, low bicarb. low pH

Question 15

Other ICF buffers:

Answer 15

Organic phosphates(ATP, adp, amp) & proteins such as hemoglobin

Question 16

What is the anion gap used for

Answer 16

differentiate metabolic acidosis (too much extra acid or not enough bicarbonate)

Question 17

How do you measure anion

Answer 17

cation concentration (Na+) vs. anion (HCO3- & Cl-)

Question 18

what the normal range for an anion gap

Answer 18

8-16

Question 19

What would an increase in the anion gap to say 24 incidate about the metabolic acidosis type

Answer 19

Extra acid is present

Question 20

What are some examples of an extra free acid that would raise the anion gap

Answer 20

ketoacidosis in a diabetic, lactic acidosis, aspirin, methanol

Question 21

What would a normal anion gap indicate about the type of metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

Not enough HCO3- hence the kidney tries to hold onto Cl- also known as (hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis)

Question 22

examples of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

diarrhea, pancreatic fistulae

Question 23

what would a lower than normal anion gap

Answer 23

result of hypoalbuminemia

Question 24

What are some examples of respiratory acidosis arising from problems in CNS

Answer 24

narcotics, ETOH, barbiturates, tumor, stroke, quadriplegia, head injury

Question 25

COPD, Emphysema, Asthma, pneumonia, CHF, airway obstruction, pneumothorax are all examples of pulmonary disease states that would cause which type of acid/base disorder

Answer 25

respiratory acidosis because they are all hypoventilation

Question 26

“Hypoventilation” causes what acid/base disorder

Answer 26

respiratory acidosis

Question 27

Neuromuscular diseases such as tetanus, botulism, curare, organophosphate poisoning cause hypoventilation which is associated with what acid/base disorder

Answer 27

respiratory acidosis

Question 28

anxiety which would result in hyperventilation would cause what acid/base disorder

Answer 28

respiratory alkalosis

Question 29

HOw would your respiratory system try and respond to an aspirin overdose that causes metabolic acidosis

Answer 29

it would try and hyperventilate to rid the body of CO2, so a result would show either partial/full compensatory respiratory alkalosis (lowered CO2 than 40)

Question 30

hyperventilation due to shock, hypoxia or high altitudes would be an example or cause for which acid/base disorder

Answer 30

respiratory alkalosis

Question 31

Which system between respiratory and renal will be quicker to try and compensate to maintain normal pH in the body

Answer 31

respiratory by way of altering minute ventilation