Acid/Base Flashcards
What does our body tend to move towards between acidosis and alkadosis
acidosis (as a result of ketone bodies, etc etc)
whats a normal range pH
7.35-7.45
What are the three main buffer systems in body
Bicarbonate, inorganic Phosphate, & Plasma Proteins (Albumin)
How would hyperventilation affect free Ca++
(Carpal pedal spasm) It would decrease H+ ion leaving Albumin with a negative charge more free to bind to Ca++ resulting in a lowered state of Ca++ (could lead to acute hypocalcemia)
How can we use Arterial Blood Gases (ABG’s) to diagnosis & differentiate respiratory acid base disorders
pCO2 goes up by 10mm, pH will decrease by .1
what is a normal pCO2
40
If pCO2 is 50. what is their pH
7.3 (respiratory acidosis)
If pCO2 is at 30 with a normal level Bicarb (24) what is their pH
7.5 (respiratory alkadosis)
What would a higher than normal (24) Bicarb measure indicate:
metabolic alkadosis
What would a lower than normal Bicarb measure indicate:
metabolic acidosis
Pregnancy is a condition associated with what type of acid/base disorder
respiratory alkalosis
a metabolic acidosis will have what type of compensatory effort
respiratory alkalosis
What would you see on a ABG with partial compensatory respiratory alkadosis for metabolic acidosis
Low bicarb count, low pH, and lower pCO2
What would you see in a mixed acid/base acidosis on a ABG
High pCO2, low bicarb. low pH
Other ICF buffers:
Organic phosphates(ATP, adp, amp) & proteins such as hemoglobin
What is the anion gap used for
differentiate metabolic acidosis (too much extra acid or not enough bicarbonate)
How do you measure anion
cation concentration (Na+) vs. anion (HCO3- & Cl-)
what the normal range for an anion gap
8-16
What would an increase in the anion gap to say 24 incidate about the metabolic acidosis type
Extra acid is present
What are some examples of an extra free acid that would raise the anion gap
ketoacidosis in a diabetic, lactic acidosis, aspirin, methanol
What would a normal anion gap indicate about the type of metabolic acidosis
Not enough HCO3- hence the kidney tries to hold onto Cl- also known as (hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis)
examples of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
diarrhea, pancreatic fistulae
what would a lower than normal anion gap
result of hypoalbuminemia
What are some examples of respiratory acidosis arising from problems in CNS
narcotics, ETOH, barbiturates, tumor, stroke, quadriplegia, head injury
COPD, Emphysema, Asthma, pneumonia, CHF, airway obstruction, pneumothorax are all examples of pulmonary disease states that would cause which type of acid/base disorder
respiratory acidosis because they are all hypoventilation
“Hypoventilation” causes what acid/base disorder
respiratory acidosis
Neuromuscular diseases such as tetanus, botulism, curare, organophosphate poisoning cause hypoventilation which is associated with what acid/base disorder
respiratory acidosis
anxiety which would result in hyperventilation would cause what acid/base disorder
respiratory alkalosis
HOw would your respiratory system try and respond to an aspirin overdose that causes metabolic acidosis
it would try and hyperventilate to rid the body of CO2, so a result would show either partial/full compensatory respiratory alkalosis (lowered CO2 than 40)
hyperventilation due to shock, hypoxia or high altitudes would be an example or cause for which acid/base disorder
respiratory alkalosis
Which system between respiratory and renal will be quicker to try and compensate to maintain normal pH in the body
respiratory by way of altering minute ventilation
