Basic Lab Test

Question 1

what is a normal range of serum K+

Answer 1

3.5-5.0

Question 2

what are some potential errors that could result in a falsely high level of K+

Answer 2

improper technique of blood draw, results in RBC hemolysis…..

Question 3

how would we define abnormal in terms of standard deviation

Answer 3

anything outside 2 (+/-) from the SD

Question 4

Normal range for WBC

Answer 4

4,000-10,000 or (4.0-10.0mm^3)

Question 5

what would a raised WBC indicate

Answer 5

moderate/severe bacterial infection

Question 6

how would we treat elevated WBC

Answer 6

antibiotics/ surgery

Question 7

What would a depressed WBC indicate

Answer 7

suppression of bone marrow (where its made)

Question 8

what are some examples that would suppress bone marrow cause a low WBC count

Answer 8

HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, toxins, MONO (viral infection) overwhelming sepsis

Question 9

WBC differential is used for what

Answer 9

certain subcategories would indicate different diseases

Question 10

Hematocrit range?

Answer 10

36-45% (roughly 3x’s Hgb)

Question 11

how can we calculate Hct after sample blood taken and spun in centrifuge

Answer 11

Volume RBC’s / total volume X 100

Question 12

how can the Hct calculation be a problem? or incorrect

Answer 12

We are assuming the RBC have normal amount Hgb; anemia (normal #RBC but don’t carry Hgb) If RBC are small in size- the Hct may be low, but Hgb normal. If RBC’s are macrocytic Hct normal, but Hgb may be low

Question 13

hemoglobin range

Answer 13

12.5-16

Question 14

platelet count range

Answer 14

150,000-400,000

Question 15

Serum Glucose Normal

Answer 15

60-100

Question 16

BUN

Answer 16

8-25 mg/dl

Question 17

Creatinine

Answer 17

.8-1.4 mg/dl

Question 18

Sodium serum levels

Answer 18

134-146 mEq/l

Question 19

Chloride

Answer 19

97-110

Question 20

HCO3-

Answer 20

18-28

Question 21

HOw would chronic hypoxia affect Hgb levels?

Answer 21

it would raise levels

Question 22

what conditions would cause chronic hypoxia

Answer 22

living at high altitude & COPD

Question 23

what is polycythemia

Answer 23

too many RBC’s

Question 24

how does polycythemia affect Hgb

Answer 24

raises

Question 25

What is a normal Albumin range

Answer 25

3.5-5.5

Question 26

How could dehydration affect a Hct

Answer 26

raise it because of the concentration of RBC’s would technically be higher not the actual #’s

Question 27

What would a comprehensive metabolic panel measure

Answer 27

Serum electrolytes, Liver panel, Renal function, and Glucose

Question 28

What would you expect in a specific gravity if your urine was isotonic with normal serum osmolarity of 295 mOsm/l

Answer 28

1010

Question 29

List abnormal constituents in the urine

Answer 29

protein, glucose, bilirubin, blood, casts, crystals, RBC/WBC

Question 30

You are looking at normal levels of total protein (6-8.5) Albumin (3.5-5.5) and Globulin (1.5-4.5). What is this an indication of

Answer 30

liver function is normal

Question 31

What four things would you measure to test whether or not liver inflammation is present?

Answer 31

Enzymes: AST, ALT, bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase(bone too)

Question 32

What would cause increased levels of enzymes in the liver

Answer 32

hepatitis, tumor, bile blockage, alcohol

Question 33

Normal total protein count

Answer 33

6-8.5

Question 34

Globulin count (also immune system)

Answer 34

1.5-4.5

Question 35

AST

Answer 35

0-40

Question 36

ALT

Answer 36

0-55

Question 37

Bilirubin

Answer 37

.0-1.2

Question 38

alkaline phosphatase

Answer 38

25-150