Basic Lab Test Flashcards
what is a normal range of serum K+
3.5-5.0
what are some potential errors that could result in a falsely high level of K+
improper technique of blood draw, results in RBC hemolysis…..
how would we define abnormal in terms of standard deviation
anything outside 2 (+/-) from the SD
Normal range for WBC
4,000-10,000 or (4.0-10.0mm^3)
what would a raised WBC indicate
moderate/severe bacterial infection
how would we treat elevated WBC
antibiotics/ surgery
What would a depressed WBC indicate
suppression of bone marrow (where its made)
what are some examples that would suppress bone marrow cause a low WBC count
HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, toxins, MONO (viral infection) overwhelming sepsis
WBC differential is used for what
certain subcategories would indicate different diseases
Hematocrit range?
36-45% (roughly 3x’s Hgb)
how can we calculate Hct after sample blood taken and spun in centrifuge
Volume RBC’s / total volume X 100
how can the Hct calculation be a problem? or incorrect
We are assuming the RBC have normal amount Hgb; anemia (normal #RBC but don’t carry Hgb) If RBC are small in size- the Hct may be low, but Hgb normal. If RBC’s are macrocytic Hct normal, but Hgb may be low
hemoglobin range
12.5-16
platelet count range
150,000-400,000
Serum Glucose Normal
60-100
BUN
8-25 mg/dl
Creatinine
.8-1.4 mg/dl
Sodium serum levels
134-146 mEq/l
Chloride
97-110
HCO3-
18-28
HOw would chronic hypoxia affect Hgb levels?
it would raise levels
what conditions would cause chronic hypoxia
living at high altitude & COPD
what is polycythemia
too many RBC’s
how does polycythemia affect Hgb
raises
What is a normal Albumin range
3.5-5.5
How could dehydration affect a Hct
raise it because of the concentration of RBC’s would technically be higher not the actual #’s
What would a comprehensive metabolic panel measure
Serum electrolytes, Liver panel, Renal function, and Glucose
What would you expect in a specific gravity if your urine was isotonic with normal serum osmolarity of 295 mOsm/l
1010
List abnormal constituents in the urine
protein, glucose, bilirubin, blood, casts, crystals, RBC/WBC
You are looking at normal levels of total protein (6-8.5) Albumin (3.5-5.5) and Globulin (1.5-4.5). What is this an indication of
liver function is normal
What four things would you measure to test whether or not liver inflammation is present?
Enzymes: AST, ALT, bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase(bone too)
What would cause increased levels of enzymes in the liver
hepatitis, tumor, bile blockage, alcohol
Normal total protein count
6-8.5
Globulin count (also immune system)
1.5-4.5
AST
0-40
ALT
0-55
Bilirubin
.0-1.2
alkaline phosphatase
25-150
