Renal Flashcards
What are diuretics used to treat?
Diabetes insipidus, kidney stones etc, polycystic ovary syndrome, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, female hirsutism, osteoporosis, cirrhosis
Name the 5 types of diuretic
Lop, Thiazide, Potassium sparing, carbonic anhydrase, osmotic diuretics
Give 2 examples of loop diuretics
Furosemide, bumetanide
Name 2 thiazides
Bendroflumathiazide, metolazone
Name 2 potassium sparing drugs
Spironlactone, amiloride
Name a carbonic anhydrase diuretc
Acetazolamide
Name an osmotic diuretic
Mannitol
What is Fureosemide?
A loop diuretic
What is bumetanide?
A loop diuretic
What is bendroflumathiazide?
A thiazide diuretic
What is metolazone?
A thiazide diuretic
What is spironolactone?
A potassium sparing diuretic
What is amiloride?
Potassium sparing diuretic
What is acetazolamide?
A carbonic anhydrase diuretic
What is mannitol?
An osmotic diuretic
Where do loop diuretics act? How?
In the thick ascending limb
Blocks Na+/Cl-/K+ pump so Na+ stays in lumen and it excreted
When would you use loop diuretics? Side effects?
Used oedema, resistant hypertension and congestive heart failure
Can cause osteoarthritis (Ca2+ loss) and deafness (electrolyte imbalance) and hypokaleamia
Which diuretics can cause hypokalaemia?
Loop, thiazide
When are thiazides used?
mild heart failure, hypertension, oedema, ascites of liver
Where and how to thiazides act?
Distal convoluted tubule
Acts on Na+/Cl- transporter on luminal border blocking Na+ reabsorption
Side effects of thiazides?
Weakness, impotence, hypokalaemia, hypercalcamia, glucose intolerance, hyperuriciaemia, lipid raising
Where and how to potassium sparing drugs work?
Distal convoluted tubule
type1- block Na+ channels
type2- aldosterone antagonist
Name K+ sparing drugs from each type
K+ sparing= amiloride, triamterene
Aldosterone antagonist= spirolactone, eplereone
Side effects of K+ sparing diuretics
Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia (too much K+ sparing and Na+ losing
Impotence/menstrual irregularities
How and where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?
Proximal convoluted tubule, inhibits transport of HCO3- out of PCT into interstitium and Na+ reabsorption
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used for?
To treat glaucoma and altitude sickness
What are osmotic diuretics used for?
To treat cerebral oedema, acute renal failure and to maintain diuresis in surgery
Side effects of CA inhibitors?
Tingles and drowsiness
Side effects of osmotic diuretics?
Thrombophlebitis, chills and fever
How can diuretics treat hypertension?
Reduced blood volume-> BP drops, peripheral resistance lower when CO returns to normal. Maybe less Na+ reduces intracellular Ca2+
