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Pharamacology > NLM2 Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

NLM2 Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 drugs used in Parkinson’s and mode of action

A

Benztropine, hyoscine

Inhibits post synaptic muscarinic receptors

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2
Q

Name 2 drugs used in Alzheimer’s and action

A

Physostigmine, donepezil

Inhibits AChE so more in cleft

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3
Q

How is NA formed in the axon?

A

From tyrosine via dopamine-B-hydroxylase

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4
Q

What enzyme degrades NA in the post synaptic membrane?

A

COMT

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5
Q

How does amphetamine work?

A

Displaces NA and serotonin from vesicles so huge action potentials

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6
Q

What is mirtazapine?

A

Antidepressant, inhibits alpha2 receptor which is inhibitory

therefore more NA in cleft

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7
Q

What two antidepressants function like cocaine?

A

Imipramine, amitriptyline

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8
Q

How does cocaine work?

A

By inhibiting the reuptake of NA from cleft via inhibition of NET

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9
Q

How does lithium work and what is it?

A

Antidepressant, inhibits breakdown of NA and serotonin in axon by inhibition of MAO

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10
Q

How is serotonin (5HT) formed in the axon?

A

From tryptophan via l-aromatic acid decarboxylase

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11
Q

What are imipramine and amitriptaline + action?

A

Antidepressants that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and NA from the synaptic cleft via inhibition of NET and SERT

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12
Q

How does LSD work?

A

Works on postsynaptic 5HT2 receptor

Causes hallucinations

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13
Q

What is ondansetron?

A

An antiemetic that works on postsynaptic 5HT3 receptor

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14
Q

What is dopamine formed from?

A

Tyrosine via DOPA decarboxylase

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15
Q

What breaks down dopamine in the synaptic cleft?

A

COMT

catechol-O-methyl transferase

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16
Q

Name 3 drugs used in Parkinson’s

A

Levodopa, selegiline, amantadine

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17
Q

What drug is used to treat pituitary tumours?

A

Bromocriptine

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18
Q

How does amantadine work?

A

Increases release of neurotransmitter into cleft

Treats Parkinson’s

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19
Q

How does levodopa work?

A

Increases production of dopamine in axon from tyrosine

Treats Parkinson’s

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20
Q

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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21
Q

How is glutamate broken down?

A

Transported into astrocyte by EAAT and broken down to glutamine by glutamine synthetase

22
Q

What drug improves memory? How?

A

Cyclothiazide. Acts at NMDA receptors, increases glutamate’s effect

23
Q

What alzheimer’s drug acts on NMDA glutamate receptors?

A

Memantine

24
Q

What anaesthetic works a NMDA receptors?

A

Ketamine, suppresses action

25
Q

What anti-epileptic drugs acts at NMDA glutamate receptors?

A

Felbamate and topiramate

26
Q

What is Ketamine?

A

Anaesthetic that inhibits glutamate NMDA channels

27
Q

What are felbamate and topiramate?

A

Anti-epileptic drugs that inhibit glutamate NMDA receptors

28
Q

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

29
Q

How is GABA formed?

A

From glutamate via glutamic acid decarboxylase

30
Q

Which sedative drugs act on GABAa ion channels?

A 
Benzodiazipines (eg temazepam and diazepam)
Steroid anaesthetics (alphaxolone) and alcohol
31
Q

What anti-epileptic drug acts on GABA transaminase to stop its breakdown?

A

Vigabatrin

32
Q

ACh is the neurotransmitter involved in what?

A

Movement, memory, nausea and vomiting

33
Q

NA and adrenaline are the neurotransmitters involved in what?

A

Mood, reward, pain and BP control

34
Q

Serotonin is the neurotransmitter involved in what?

A

Mood, appetite, pain, nausea and vomiting

35
Q

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter involved in what?

A

Reward, movement, nausea and vomiting

36
Q

Glutamate is the neurotransmitter involved in what?

A

Movement, excitatory

37
Q

GABA is the neurotransmitter involved in what?

A

Movement, inhibitory

38
Q

How do antiepileptic drugs work?

A

Glutamate Na+ channel blockers or GABA enhancement

39
Q

Name 4 antiepileptic glutamate Na+ blockers

A

Phenytoin, carbamazide, lamotrigine, valproate

40
Q

What are the actions and problems of phenytoin?

A

Anti-epileptic drug with many side effects
Wide variation in rates of metabolism (cP450), CNS effects (double vision), gum hyperplasia, excessive hair growth and allergy

41
Q

What is phenytoin given as?

A

Fosphenytoin

42
Q

Describe uses and side effects of carbamazepine

A

Used for partial seizures and tonic-clonic seizures, little sedation at therapeutic dose
SE: P450 induction, rash, nausea, ADH-like activity, jaundice

43
Q

What drug is first choice to treat petit mal seizures and myoclonic?

A

Valproate

44
Q

What is used in status epilepticus?

A

IV Diazepam

Others include clonazepam and chlomethiazole

45
Q

Describe uses and SE of lamotrigine

A

Used for tonic-clonic epilepsy
Rare SE: skin eruptions, toxic epidermal necrolysis and angioedema
Doesn’t affect P450 :)

46
Q

Describe action and SE of phenobarbitone

A

Increases duration of GABAa channel opening
SE: Don’t use in petit-mal
P450 induction and causes sedation
Taken once daily

47
Q

Name GABA related drugs

A

GABA agonists= clonezepam, diazepam (benzodiazepines)

gabapentin and pregabalin

48
Q

How does valproate work?

A

Enhances GABA formation and inhibits GABA breakdown via transamination

49
Q

Name the antiepileptic that inhibits GABA reuptake

A

Tiagabine

50
Q

What is tiagabine?

A

Antiepileptic drug that inhibits GABA reuptake

51
Q

What antiepileptic acts by hyperpolarising neurones?

A

Retigabine, potassium channel opener

52
Q

Name the antiepileptic that acts by blocking calcium channels in neurones?

A

Ethosuximide

Pharamacology (16 decks)

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