Neurotransmitters

Question 0

Ach at muscarinic receptors causes bladder and GI and heart to do what?

Answer 0

Contraction of bladder and increased GI motility

Reduced heart rate

Question 1

Ach at muscarinic receptors causes eyes and secretions to do what?

Answer 1

Constriction of pupils and reduction in ocular pressure
Increased secretions (saliva, gastric, bronchial)

Question 2

Name 2 Ach agonists and where they affect

Answer 2

Pilocarpine (eyes, ocular pressure reduction)

Bethanecol (bladder, after anaesthesia)

Question 3

Name the Ach antagonist that affects the eyes

Answer 3

Tropicamide (pupil dilation)

Question 4

Name 2 Ach antagonists that affects secretions

Answer 4

Atropine and hyoscine

Question 5

What is atropine used for?

Answer 5

To increase heart rate

Question 6

What drug inhibits Avery choline esterase?

Answer 6

Neostigmine (used to treat myasthenia gravis)

Question 7

How is sarin gas deadly?

Answer 7

Breaks down Ach so it cannot be resumthesised

Question 8

How does Botox work?

Answer 8

Inhibits breakdown of Ach- paralysis or treatment of movement disorders

Question 9

What forms noradrenaline?

Answer 9

Tyrosine-> DOPA -> NA

Question 10

What does Reserpine do? What is it used for?

Answer 10

Blocks packaging of NA

Antipsychotic

Question 11

How does cocaine work?

Answer 11

Blocks reuptake of NA from synapse

Question 12

What blocks NA metabolism? Effects?

Answer 12

MAO or COMT inhibitors

Antidepressant, may blur vision and dry mouth

Question 13

3 actions of NA on sympathetic NS

Answer 13

Relaxation of smooth muscle
Increased heart rate and force
Increased blood flow to muscles

Question 14

Alpha-1 adrenoreceptors are stimulated by

Answer 14

Both NA and Adrenaline

Question 15

Alpha-2 adrenoreceptors are stimulated by

Answer 15

Both adrenaline and NA

Question 16

Beta adrenoreceptors are stimulated by

Answer 16

NA, not really by adrenaline

Question 17

What are only part of sympathetic NS?

Answer 17

Sweat glands and blood vessels

Question 18

What’s only part of parasympathetic?

Answer 18

Bronchial smooth muscle

Question 19

Stimulation of Para NS does what so heart and lungs?

Answer 19

Decreases heart rate, contracts lungs

Question 20

Stimulation of para NS affects stomach, liver and bladder how?

Answer 20

Increases contractile to and secretions

Question 21

Stimulation of Para NS affects eyes how?

Answer 21

Constricts lens (focus point is closer) and increases pupil size

Question 22

Stimulation of the SNS causes what?

Answer 22

Increased heart rate
Relaxation in lungs
Decreased contractility of bladder and stomach
Increased gluconeogenesis

Question 23

Where do you find Ach?

Answer 23

At neuromuscular junctions, in PNS and SNS ganglia and at muscarinic receptors in ANS

Question 24

Where do you find nocotinic-1 receptors?

Answer 24

In ANS ganglia