Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Ach at muscarinic receptors causes bladder and GI and heart to do what?
Contraction of bladder and increased GI motility
Reduced heart rate
Ach at muscarinic receptors causes eyes and secretions to do what?
Constriction of pupils and reduction in ocular pressure Increased secretions (saliva, gastric, bronchial)
Name 2 Ach agonists and where they affect
Pilocarpine (eyes, ocular pressure reduction)
Bethanecol (bladder, after anaesthesia)
Name the Ach antagonist that affects the eyes
Tropicamide (pupil dilation)
Name 2 Ach antagonists that affects secretions
Atropine and hyoscine
What is atropine used for?
To increase heart rate
What drug inhibits Avery choline esterase?
Neostigmine (used to treat myasthenia gravis)
How is sarin gas deadly?
Breaks down Ach so it cannot be resumthesised
How does Botox work?
Inhibits breakdown of Ach- paralysis or treatment of movement disorders
What forms noradrenaline?
Tyrosine-> DOPA -> NA
What does Reserpine do? What is it used for?
Blocks packaging of NA
Antipsychotic
How does cocaine work?
Blocks reuptake of NA from synapse
What blocks NA metabolism? Effects?
MAO or COMT inhibitors
Antidepressant, may blur vision and dry mouth
3 actions of NA on sympathetic NS
Relaxation of smooth muscle
Increased heart rate and force
Increased blood flow to muscles
Alpha-1 adrenoreceptors are stimulated by
Both NA and Adrenaline
Alpha-2 adrenoreceptors are stimulated by
Both adrenaline and NA
Beta adrenoreceptors are stimulated by
NA, not really by adrenaline
What are only part of sympathetic NS?
Sweat glands and blood vessels
What’s only part of parasympathetic?
Bronchial smooth muscle
Stimulation of Para NS does what so heart and lungs?
Decreases heart rate, contracts lungs
Stimulation of para NS affects stomach, liver and bladder how?
Increases contractile to and secretions
Stimulation of Para NS affects eyes how?
Constricts lens (focus point is closer) and increases pupil size
Stimulation of the SNS causes what?
Increased heart rate
Relaxation in lungs
Decreased contractility of bladder and stomach
Increased gluconeogenesis
Where do you find Ach?
At neuromuscular junctions, in PNS and SNS ganglia and at muscarinic receptors in ANS
Where do you find nocotinic-1 receptors?
In ANS ganglia
