renal 2 slide 33-56 (more A & P) Flashcards
- one per nephron
- regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure
- modified portions distal ascending loop of Henle
- afferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular apparatus
-synthesize, store, release renin
-act as mechanoreceptors that sense blood pressure
-enlarged smooth muscles cells of arteriole
granular cells (juxtaglomerular/JG cells
-chemoreceptors that sense NaCl content of filtrate
-tall closely packed cells of ascending loop of Henle
Macula densa
-pass signals between macula densa and granular cells
-interconnected with gap junctions
extraglomerular mesangial cells
the filtration membrane consist of what 3 things
- fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries
- Visceral membrane of the glomerular capsule(podocytes with foot processes and filtration)
- Gel-like basement membrane (fused basal laminae of the two other layers)
the filtration membrane’s, _________charged basement membrane repels large anions such as ______ ______.
negatively charged basement membrane repels large anions such as plasma proteins
the filtration membrane allows passage of water and solutes smaller than most plasma____. the fenestrations prevent filtration of ____ ____.
proteins
blood cells
The basement membranes has a negative charge. What does this repel?
negative proteins
In the filtration membrane, the flow from plasma through the basement membrane passes through? in order of flow
________
________
________
plasma
- capillary endothelium
- basement membrane
- foot processes of podocyte of glomerular capsule
filtrate is made up of blood plasma minus ______and_____ _____.
proteins and blood cells.
- less than one percent of total filtrate
- contains metabolic waste and unneeded substances
urine
Name the three major renal processes?
Glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
a passive mechanical process driven by high hydrostatic pressure from afferent arterioles
glomerular filtration
the net filtration pressure is determined by ?
3 things
- glomerular hydrostatic pressure
- colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular blood
- Capsular hydrostatic pressure
the glomerular filtration rate is the volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys is ____-______ ml/min
120-125
- the the glomerular (blood) hydrostatic pressure pushes the filtrate __1__ into the glomerular capsule
- the blood colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure keeps filtrate and water__2___ the plasma/blood
- the capsular hydrostatic pressure ___3___ the water filtrate/plasma
- the net filtration pressure that results in 10mmHg
1 out
2 in
3 keeps in
GFR is governed by what three things?
(physiological)
- total surface area available for filtration
- filtration membrane permeability
- net filtration pressure
GFR is tightly controlled by what two types of mechanisms
- intrinsic control (auto regulation) act locally within kidney “prostanoids”
- extrinsic controls (nervous & endocrine that maintain blood pressure, but affect kidney function)
intrinsic controls keep GFR constant when MAP is ____ -_____ mm Hg at the glomerulus(not systemic MAP)
80-100
two types of renal auto regulation that control GFR are ?
- myogenic mechanism
- tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
Myogenic mechanism maintains GFR by:
if BP is high?
if BP is Low?
- if BP is high, afferent arterioles constrict which helps maintain GFR and protect glomeruli from damaging
- if BP is low afferents arterioles constrict to help maintain normal GFR
flow dependent mechanism directed by macula densa cells
-tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
in regards to intrinsic control of GFR regulated by tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism:
- the macula densa cells of the JGA respond to ______by releasing ______causing vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole thereby decreasing ____.
- gives the PCT time to reabsorb more NaCl
- increased NaCl
- ATP
- decreasing ATP
under normal conditions at rest renal blood vessels are dilated and auto regulation mechanism controlled by _______ _______ _______ prevails.
sympathetic nervous system
