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biochem acid and base > Mostly Renal A&P silde 1-32 > Flashcards

Mostly Renal A&P silde 1-32 Flashcards

1
Q
  • cuboidal cells with very few microvilli
  • function more in secretion than reabsorption
  • confined to the cortex
A

distal convoluted tubule

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2
Q

in the nephron capillary bed, the________are low pressure, porous capillaries adapted for absorption, arise from the efferent arterioles, cling to adjacent renal tubules in cortex, empty into venules

A

peritubular capillaries

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3
Q

sit right on the organ, have little feet, extensions terminate in foot processes that cling to the basement membrane

A

branching epithelial podocytes

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4
Q

“around 15% of the juxtamedullary nephrons”

  • long vessels parallel to the long loop of Henle
  • arise from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephron
  • function formation of concentrated urine
A

vasa recta

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5
Q

the calyx empty into the ?

A

renal pelvis

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6
Q

captian frida described this as,
“the lake where all the filtrate feeds into, collecting all the tubular fluid/the filtrate, ________to the proximal convoluted tubule, into the medulla then to the descending loop of Henley(very thick), up to the ascending loop of Henley(very thick), into the cortex, distal convoluted tubule, into collecting ducts

A

bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

“the 3 layers for filtration in the glomerular capsule”

A

basement membrane

podocyte

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus

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8
Q

it was in red. fill in question later

A

adrenal gland

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9
Q

temporary storage reservoir for urine

A

urinary bladder

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10
Q

the two main parts of the nephron

A

glomerulus
renal tubule

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11
Q

urine flows from pelvis to the_____-

A

ureter

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12
Q

-made up of intercalated cells that function to maintain acid-base balance of the body

A

collecting ducts

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13
Q

the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of _______epithelial ______.

A

branching epithelial podocytes

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14
Q

has little holes for plasma to filtered, but not protein and blood cells

“the filtrate should look just like the plasma”

A

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

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15
Q

varies and function by segment, simple one cell thick, three cellular surfaces luminal, lateral, basal, transporters vary by surface, and has tight junctions

A

tubular epithelium

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16
Q

the renal arteries deliver _____of cardiac output to the kidney each minute

A

1/4 (1200ml)

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17
Q

what vertebrae level are the kidneys

A

T12-L3

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18
Q
  • collect urine from minor calyces
  • empty urine into pelvis
A

major calyces

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19
Q
  • has long loop of Henle and glomerulus closer to the corticomedullary junction
  • efferent arteriole supplies vasa recta
A

juxtamedullary nephron

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20
Q

transport urine from kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

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21
Q

the efferent arterioles feed into the?

A

peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

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22
Q

the high _____in the afferent arterioles protects the glomeruli from fluctuations in systemic blood pressure

A

resistance

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23
Q

kidney blood flow-
what goes into the glomerulus capsule

A

afferent arteriole

24
Q
  • cuboidal cells with dense microvilli and large mitochondria, “large body surface area because of microvilli”
  • functions in reabsorption and secretion
  • confined to cortex
A

proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

divide the pyramids

A

renal column

26
Q

which capillaries are encircling the cortical nephrons ?

A

peritubular capillaries

27
Q

the cone shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by renal columns

A

renal medulla

28
Q

major excretory organs

A

kidneys

29
Q

glomerulus plus its glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

30
Q

the granular superficial region/outer shell

A

renal cortex

31
Q

the structural and functional units that form urine?

A

nephrons

32
Q

the glomerulus capsule is very_____ and _____.

A

friable and delicate

33
Q
  • has short loop of Henle and glomerulus further from the corticomedullary junction
  • efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
A

cortical nephron

34
Q

the very long and straight vessels that run into the medullary area and circulating the medullary nephron?

A

vasa recta

35
Q

filtration slits allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space

A

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus

36
Q

transports urine out of the body

A

urethra

37
Q

the glomerulus capillaries feed into the ?

A

efferent arteriole

38
Q

the luminal cellular surface of the tubular epithelium does what

A

filtrate-its located in the lumen

39
Q

the vascular resistance of the afferent and efferent arterioles is ______ arterial and venous blood to _____in the kidneys

A

high

decline

40
Q

the basal cellular surface of the tubular epithelium is located where

A

interstitium, right next to blood vessels/vasa recta or peritubular capillary

41
Q

begins as cup shaped glomerular (bowman’s) capsule surrounding the glomerulus

A

renal tubule

42
Q
  • long loops of Henle deeply invade the medulla
  • important in the production of concentrated urine
A

juxtamedullary nephrons

43
Q

the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus are______ in diameter than efferent arterioles.

A

larger

44
Q

allows filtrate to pass from plasma into the glomerular capsule

A

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

45
Q

the part of the nephron capillary bed that is specialized for filtration, blood pressure is high because very small because a lot of important pressure regulation is going on

A

glomerulus

46
Q
  • thick segment
  • cuboidal columnar cells
A

ascending loop of Henley

47
Q

the resistance in the efferent arterioles reinforces high ______pressure that creates back pressure to increase blood in the glomerulus to increase flow through basement membrane, podocyte, fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus(increases filtration) and reduces hydrostatic pressure in the _____ ______.

A

glomerular

peritubular capillaries

48
Q

Nerve supply to the kidney is via _________fibers from the _____ _____.

A

sympathetic
renal plexus

49
Q
  • thin segment
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • freely permeable to water
A

descending loop of Henley

50
Q

defined as a tuft of capillaries

A

glomerulus

51
Q
  • receive filtrate from many nephrons
  • fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces to ureter
A

collecting ducts

52
Q

_____ _____ makes up ___% of nephrons, almost entirely in the _____

A

cortical nephrons

85%

cortex

53
Q

the liver makes the____kidney slightly lower

A

right

54
Q

glomerulus arterioles are ______resistance vessels

A

high

55
Q

the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is made of what type of cells

A

simple squamous epithelium

biochem acid and base (10 decks)

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