renal

Question 1

haemolytic uraemic syndrome causative organism

Answer 1

e. coli 0157:H7

Question 2

rhabdomyolysis blood results:

Answer 2

raised CK (at least x5 upper limit of normal)
hypocalcaemia (myoglobin binds calcium)
elevated phosphate (released from myocytes)
hyperkalaemia
metabolic acidosis

Question 3

how to differentiate AKI vs CKD (2)

Answer 3

USS - CKD have small kidneys
hypocalcaemia (due to low vit D)

Question 4

most common cause of death for CKD pts on haemodialysis

Answer 4

IHD

Question 5

stage 1 AKI
i. creatinine
ii. urine production

Answer 5

i. Increase 1.5-1.9x baseline
ii. < 0.5ml/kg/h for >6 consecutive hours

Question 6

stage 2 AKI
i. creatinine
ii. urine production

Answer 6

i. Increase 2.0-2.9x baseline
ii.< 0.5ml/kg/h for >12 consecutive hours

Question 7

stage 3 AKI
i. creatinine
ii. urine production

Answer 7

3 Increase > 3x baseline or >354 µmol/L < 0.3ml/kg/h for > 24h or anuric for 12h