Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA > dermatology > Flashcards

dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum

what is it?

A

inflammatory disorder (non-infectious) causing v painful skin ulceration

it is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum causes:

A

idiopathic (50%)
IBD (10-15%)
rheumatological
haematological
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
PBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum features: (4)

A

typically LL
sudden onset
small pustule/ red bump/ blood blister –> painful ulcer
systemic features: fever + myalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

what is it?
associated skin sign?

A

shiny, painless areas of yellow/red skin typically on the shin of diabetics

associated with telangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

erythema nodosum features (4)

A

inflammation of subcutaneous fat
–> tender, erythematous, nodular lesions
usually occurs over shins,
resolves within 6 weeks
lesions heal without scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

erythema nodosum causes

A

infection
streptococci
tuberculosis
brucellosis
systemic disease
sarcoidosis
inflammatory bowel disease
Behcet’s
malignancy/lymphoma
drugs
penicillins
sulphonamides
combined oral contraceptive pill
pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pretibial myxoedema

how does it look?
associated condition?

A

shiny, orange peel skin

Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sedating anti-histamines
i. example:
ii. other SE

A

i. chlorphenamine
ii. anti-muscarinic - dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non-sedating anti-histamines examples:

A

loratadine
cetirizine (but this is more sedating than other non-sedating ones xo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

erythema multiforme
what is it?

A

hypersensitivity reaction most commonly triggered by infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

erythema multiforme features

A

target lesions
initially on the back of the hands / feet then torso
UL>LL
sometimes mild itch

mucosal involvement in severe form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

erythema multiforme causes

A

viruses: HSV (most common cause
idiopathic
bacteria: Mycoplasma, Streptococcus
drugs
connective tissue disease e.g. Systemic lupus erythematosus
sarcoidosis
malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

drug causes of erythema multiforme

A

penicillin
sulphonamides, carbamazepine
allopurinol
NSAIDs
COCP
nevirapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lichen planus features:

A

4Ps
papules
Purple
Pruritic
Polygonal

on flexor surface
Wickham’s striae (white lines pattern)
often + oral involvement (white-lace pattern on buccal mucosa)

nails:
thinning of nail plate
longitudinal ridging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lichenoid drug eruption causes:

A

gold
quinine
thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lichen planus mgt

A

potent topical steroids
benzydamine mouthwash or spray if oral lichen planus
oral steroids or immunosuppression if extensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hyperhydrosis mgt

A
  1. topical aluminium chloride
  2. iontophoresis
  3. botox (licensed for axillary sx only at present)
  4. surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

keloid scar mgt:

A

intra-lesional steroids e.g. triamcinolone
surgical excision if large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where do keloid scars most commonly occur

A

sternum > shoulder > neck > face > extensor surfaces of limbs > trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exacerbating factors for psoriasis

A

trauma
alcohol
drugs:
- BBs
- lithium
- antimalarials
- NSAIDS
- ACEi
- infliximab

streptococcal infections (trigger GUTTATE psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shingles rx within how long of onset of rash

A

72hrs

22
Q

pityriasis vesicolor
what is it ?

A

superficial cutaneous fungal condition associated with malassezia furfur

23
Q

pityriasis vesicolor
predisposing factors

A

occurs in healthy individuals
immunosuppression
malnutrition
Cushing’s

24
Q

pityriasis vesicolor
mgt

A

ketoconazole

if does ntp resolve send skin scrapings and consider itraconazole

25
Q

shingles most commonly affected dermatomes

A

T1-L2

26
Q

guttate psoriasis features:

A

recent hx strep throat

“tear drop” scaly papules on trunk & limbs

resolved in 2-3 months, mgt like psoriasis

27
Q

SJS causes: (8)

A

penicillin
sulphonamides
lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin
allopurinol
NSAIDs
oral contraceptive pill

28
Q

SJS features (5)

A

maculopapular rash with target lesions –>
may develop into vesicles or bullae
Nikolsky sign +ve - (blisters and erosions appear when the skin is rubbed gently)
mucosal involvement
systemic symptoms: fever, arthralgia

29
Q

toxic epidernal necrolysis features:

A

systemically unwell e.g. pyrexia, tachycardic
positive Nikolsky’s sign: the epidermis separates with mild lateral pressure

30
Q

drug precipitants of TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis (6)

A

phenytoin
sulphonamides
allopurinol
penicillins
carbamazepine
NSAID

31
Q

TEN mgt

A

stop precipitant
supportive care
ivIg

sometimes:
immunosuppressive agents (ciclosporin and cyclophosphamide), plasmapheresis

32
Q

impetigo mgt:

A

hydrogen peroxide 1% cream if well
topical abx
- fusidic acid
- topical muciporin if fusidic acid resistance suspected

extensive disease:
- PO fluclox
- PO erythromycin if penicillin allergy

33
Q

school exclusion in impetigo:

A

until:
- lesions crusted over
OR
- 48hrs from onset of rx

34
Q

vitiligo associated conditions: (5)

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus
Addison’s disease
autoimmune thyroid disorders
pernicious anaemia
alopecia areata

35
Q

chronic plaque psoriasis mgt

A

emollients

  1. potent topical steroids + vitD analogue OD
    (apply separately, for 4 weeks)

if no improvements in 8 weeks

  1. vitamin D analogue BD

if no improvement in 8-12 weeks

  1. potent topical steroid BD
    OR
    coal tar OD

can also use short acting dithranol

36
Q

chronic plaque psoriasis mgt in secondary care:

A

phototherapy

systemic therapy:
- methotrexate
- ciclosporin
- systemic retinoids
- biological agents: infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab
ustekinumab (IL-12 and IL-23 blocker) is showing promise in early trials

37
Q

scalp psoriasis mgt:

A

OD potent topical steroids for 4 weeks
if no improvement try different formulation

38
Q

face/ flexural/ genital psoriasis mgt

A

mild/ moderate potency steroids OD/ BD
FOR MAX 2 WEEKS

39
Q

vitamin D analogues examples:

A

calcipotriol (Dovonex)
calcitriol
tacalcitol

(can be used LT)

40
Q

seborrhoeic dermatitis
what is it?

A

inflammatory reaction related to a proliferation of a normal skin inhabitant, a fungus called Malassezia furfur

41
Q

seborrhoeic dermatitis features:

A

eczematous lesions in sedum rich areas -(nasolabial folds, periorbital, auricular)

otitis externa
blepharitis

42
Q

seborrhoeic dermatitis mgt:

A

ketokonazole (topical anti-fungal)
short term: topical: steroids

43
Q

pompholyx eczema

A

affects hands + feet
- blisters
- itch ++

44
Q

pompholyx eczema
mgt

A

cooling
emollients
topical steroids

45
Q

scabies mgt

A
  1. permethrin 5% is first-line
  2. malathion 0.5% is second-line

pruritus persists for up to 4-6 weeks post eradication

46
Q

crusted (Norwegian) scabies

A

ivermectin

47
Q

fungal nail infection mgt

A
  1. amorolfine nail lacquer
  2. PO terbinafine

PO itraconozole if due to candida

48
Q

eczema herpeticum
i. causative organism
ii. mgt

A

i. HSV 1
(rarely coxsackie A16)

ii. iv aciclovir
(steroids make it worse)

49
Q

acne rosacea mgt:

A

SPF/ concealer

if predominant erythema/ flushing:
- brimodine gel / PO propanolol

papules/ pustules
1. topical ivermectin
2. topical azelic acid
3. topical metronidazole
4. topical ivermectin + PO doxycycline

^^ PO retinoids if this fails

50
Q

mild- mod acne mgt

A

combination of any 2 of the following:
topical benzoyl peroxide
topical abx (clindaymycin)
topical retinoids (tretinoin/ adapalene)

51
Q

acne rosacea
refer to secondary care if:

A

sx not improved with optimal primary care mgt
rhinophyma

MSRA (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions