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MSRA > infection > Flashcards

infection Flashcards

1
Q

Lyme disease rx:
1st line
2nd line (if cannot have above

A

doxycycline
amoxicillin

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2
Q

latent TB rx (2 options)

A

3 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin
or
6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine)

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3
Q

active TB rx

A

initial phase (1st 2 months)
- Rifampicin
- Izoniazid
- pyrazinamide
- ethambutol

continuation phase (next 4 months)
- rifampacin
- izoniazid

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4
Q

rifampacin SE (4)

A

potent liver enzyme inducer
hepatitis
orange secretions
flu-like symptoms

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5
Q

isoniazid SE (4)

A

peripheral neuropathy: prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
hepatitis
agranulocytosis
liver enzyme inhibitor

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6
Q

pyrazinamide SE (4)

A

hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia
myalgia
hepatitis

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7
Q

ethambutol SE (1)

A

optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment

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8
Q

campylobacter rx
(treat only in severe infection as is usually self-limiting)

A

clarithromycin

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9
Q

necrotising fasciitis causative organism:
type 1
type 2

A

type 1: mixed aerobes and anaerobes (more common)
type 2: strep pyogenes

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10
Q

cellulitis management
& in penicillin allergic

A
  1. flucloxacillin
  2. clarithromycin, erythromycin (if pregnant), doxy
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11
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)

RF (3)

A

foreign travel
swimming/ drinking river water
MSM

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12
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)
features (8)

A

often asymptomatic
non-bloody diarrhoea
steatorrhoea
bloating, abdominal pain
lethargy
flatulence
weight loss
malabsorption and lactose intolerance can occur

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13
Q

giardiasis (giardia lamblia)
mgt

A

metronidazole

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14
Q

metronidazole interactions (2):

A

disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

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15
Q

chlamydia mgt (1st and 2nd line)

A
  1. doxycycline
  2. azithromycin
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16
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

BOOMY

BCG
oral polio
oral typhoid
MMR
yellow fever

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17
Q

typhoid mgt:

A

ciprofloxacin (only in severe infections or immunocomprimised)

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18
Q

inactivated vaccines

A

rabies
HEp A
influenza (im)

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19
Q

toxoid (inactivated toxin)

A

tetanus
diphtheria
pertussis

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20
Q

how many tetanus vaccines confer life-long protection?

A

5

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21
Q

meningitis mgt

i. pre-hospital
ii. in hospital
iii. mgt of contacts

A

i. im benzylpenicillin

ii.cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
& amoxicillin (ampicillin if >50 or <3 months )

iii. oral cipro/ rifampicin

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22
Q

mgt of meningitis contacts
(contacts of confirmed bacterial meningitis if they had close contact within 7 days before onset)

A

oral ciprofloxacin or rifampacin

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23
Q

gas gangrene causative organism

A

clostridium perfringes

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24
Q

typhoid

i. causative organism
ii. transmission

A

i. salmonella typhi
ii. faecal oral

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25
Q

typhoid features: (4)

A

relative bradycardia
abdominal pain, distension
constipation (can also have diarrhoea)
rose spots (more common in paratyphoid)

26
Q

typhoid cx (5)

A

osteomyelitis (especially in sickle cell disease where Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens)
GI bleed/perforation
meningitis
cholecystitis
chronic carriage (1%, more likely if adult females)

27
Q

genital wart mgt:
i. multiple, non-keratinised
ii. solitary, keratinised

A

i. topical podophyllum
ii. cryotherapy

28
Q

gonorrhoea (neisseria gonorrhoeae)
i. type of bacteria
ii. mgt

A

i. gram -ve dipplococcus

ii. stat im ceftriaxone 1g
if sensitivities known stat PO ciprofloxacin 500mg
if im refused –> PO cefiximine 400mg stat and PO azithromycin 2g

29
Q

Hep B serology

i. acute infection
ii. immunity
iii. previous/ current infection

A

i. HBsAg (if present for > 6 months suggests chronic)
ii. anti-HBs
iii. anti–HBc

30
Q

legionella pneumonia features: (5)

A

flu-like sx+ fever
dry cough
relative bradycardia
confusion
pleural effusion (30%)

31
Q

legionella pneumonia blood results: (4)

A

hyponatraemia
lymphopenia
deranged LFTs
raised CRP

32
Q

legionella pneumonia ix:

A
  • urinary antigen
  • CXR (mid to lower zone patchy consolidation, pleural effusion 30%)
33
Q

legionella pneumonia mgt

A

macrolide –> erythromycin/ clarithromycin

34
Q

most common causative organism for pneumonia post flu

A

s. aureus

35
Q

most common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea

A

e. coli

36
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia cx (2)

A

haemolytic anaemia
erythema multiforme

37
Q

mycoplasma ix:

A

serology

38
Q

most common organism responsible for exacerbations of bronchiectasis

A

h. influenzae
(also causes acute epiglottitis)

39
Q

epiglottitis cause:

A

h. influenzae

40
Q

bronchiolitis causative organism

A

RSV

41
Q

croup causative organism

A

parainfluenza

42
Q

common cold causative organism

A

rhinovirus

43
Q

common cause of pneumonia in CF pts:

A

pseudomonas aeroginosa

44
Q

pneumocystis jyroverci rx:

A

co-trimoxazole

45
Q

Kaposi sarcoma causative organism

A

HHV-8

46
Q

diarrhoeal illness:
1-6 hr incubation period

A

s. aureus

b. cereus (rice)

47
Q

diarrhoeal illness:
12-48 hr incubation period

A

salmonella
e. coli

48
Q

diarrhoeal illness:
48-72 hr incubation period

A

shigella
campylobacter

49
Q

diarrhoeal illness:
>7 day incubation period

A

giardiasis
amoebasies

50
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

presentation:

A

PV discharge: offensive, yellow/ green, frithy
vulvovaginitis
pH>4.5
asx/ urethritis in M

51
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

ix

A

motile trophozoites on microscopy

52
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

mgt

A

metronidazole 5-6 days
(or 2g stat dose)

53
Q

genital ulceration causes:

A

HSV
syphilis
chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
chlamydia (lymphogranoloma venerum)
carcinoma
Bechet’s disease
granuloma inguinale (klebsiella granulomatis)

54
Q

HSV presentation (4)

A

painful genital ulceration (+/- dysuria/ pruritus)
primary infection more severe tan subsequent
tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
may have urinary retention

55
Q

syphilis primary presentation:

A

painless ulcer

56
Q

chancroid
causative organism

A

haemophilus ducreyi

57
Q

chancroid
presentation

A

PAINFUL ulcers - sharply defined, ragged undermined border
UNILATERAL PAINFUL lymphadenopathy

58
Q

what are the genital ulcers caused by chlamydia infection called?

A

lymphogranuloma venereum

59
Q

diptheria (corynebacterium diptheriae)

presentation: (5)

A

hx travel to Eastern Europe/ Russia/ Asia
sore throat + “diptheric membrane” - grey pseudomembrane on posterior pharyngeal wall
bulky cervical lymphadenopathy (‘bull neck’ appearance)
neuritis e.g. cranial nerves
heart block

60
Q

diptheria mgt

A

im penicillin
diptheria antitoxin

MSRA (14 decks)

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