Renal

Question 1

Define AKI

Answer 1

A sudden decline in your renal excretory function over hours or days. Results in failure to maintain fluid, electrolytes.

Question 2

What the causes of AKI

Answer 2

Pre- renal - lack perfusion - blood loss
Intra-renal- structural - vasculatis
Post -renal - obstruction-malignancy

Question 3

What are the investigation of suspected AKI?

Answer 3

U and Es
Cretinine
EGFR
Urine dip
MSC
Bloods
ABG
ECG
Renal USS and CT KUB

Question 4

What treatment are used for AKI?

Answer 4

1) Sepsis 6 if the patient is septic
2)Stop nephrotoxic drugs
3) Assess + manage fluid status
4) Assess + manage electrolyte balance

Question 5

What are they symptoms of AKI?

Answer 5

Oligouria
Nausea
Vomiting
Abodimal pain
Dizininess
Headache

Question 6

Define CKD

Answer 6

progressive decline and deterioration in kidney function,

Question 7

What are the different stages CKD?

Answer 7

5 stages

Question 8

What are symptoms of CKD?

Answer 8

Early stages = asymptomatic
Anaemia
Bone disease
Hyperkalaemia
Fluid overload
Early Uraemia
Metabolic acidosis
Sexual dysfunction

Question 9

What are investigations used to diagnose CKD?

Answer 9

U and Es
Cretinine levels
Urinanaylis
bloods- biocarbonate,glucose,PTH,
USS kidneys
CXR - pulmonary oedema

Question 10

What are the treatment?

Answer 10

Risk reduction of CVD
- BP control if proteinuria ACE/ARBs
-Cholesterol- Stain
-Comorbidity control- diabetes control
-stop smoking
- Weight management

Treat and management complications
- Anaemia- IV iron +EPO stimulating agents
-Bone disease- vit D& calcium supplements
-Oedema-careful fluid monitoring - diuretics