Hematology Flashcards
What possible cause of microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency
Thalessiema
Siderblastic anemia
What possible causes of iron deficiency?
Blood loss ( Pregnancy, haematuria)
Coeliac disease
Anemia of chronic disease( renal failure or bone marrow failure)
Reduced intake of food with irons
What some investigations of iron deficiency?
FBC
ferritin
Serum iron (low)
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)/Serum transferrin (High)
Transferrin Saturation (low)
Symptoms of Iron deficiency
Fatigue
Low exercise tolerance
SOB
Irritability
vertigo
Headache
Angina (severe chest pain)
Pica
Craving ice
Thalassaemia definition
An inherited blood disorder, charaterised by abnormal he haemoglobin production. The patient have a defect in the either the alpha orsiderblastic beta globin causing production of abnormal red blood cells and this results in anemia.
Alpha (usually asymptomatic)
Beta (is symptomatic unless you just have the trait)
Sideroblastic anaemia definition
This is where the bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts (erythroblasts with iron loaded mitochondria)- so the body has enough iron but because of genetic or acquired defects is unable to incorporate iron to the red blood cells leading to anemia.
It can be acquired or congenital
Name some cause of vitamin B12 Deficiency
Percious anemia
Metformin
PPI
H2antagnoist
Malabsorption- Crohns disease
Nutrient deficiency
What are some symptoms of B12 deficiency ?
Tired
Paratheisia
fatigue
Exercise intolerance
Exertional dyspneoa
Irritability
Muscle weakness
Vertigo
Ataxia
Symmetrical neuropathy
Optical neuropathy
Loss of cutaneous sensation
What type of anaemia is folate deficiency?
Macrocytic Megaloblastic anemia
Management for B12 deficiency
Neuro involvement - Urgent referal to haem
Loading of B12
Hydrococobalmin 1mg IM STAT every other day
No Neuro involment -Hydroxocobalmin 1mg -(weeks)
not diet related -Hydroxocobalmin 1mg IM every 3 months
Diet related -Hydroxocobalmin 50-150mcg oral daily + diet in high B12 (eggs,meat)
What are the causes of folate deficiency?
Pregnancy
Alcohol
Anticonvulsant e.g pheyntoin
Mexothrate
Trimphetoin
IBD
Reduced dietary intake
Malignancy
Blood disorder e.g sickle cell anemia, haemolytic anaemias)
What are investigations for folate deficiency ?
B12 serum
Serum folate
Treatment folate deficiency
B12
Folic acid 5mg ( orally once a day)
Name some example of cause for normacyctic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease e.g CKD,lupus,RA
Haemolytic anemia (can be found in sickle cell, Hodgkin lymphoma ,RA patients)
