ENT

Question 1

Name some examples of ototoxic drugs

Answer 1

Aminogloysides, macrolides antimalarials ,NSAIDS,chemotheraputic agents

Question 2

What is acoustic neuroma?

Answer 2

benign slow gorwing tumor on the vestibucochelar nerve and it compresses the nerve resulting in symptoms that affecting hearing and balance

Question 3

what are the signs and symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

Answer 3

Face pain and weakness
Tinntus
Hearing loss
blurred vision
Headache

signs
Gait distubance
Unilateral
sensorineural
hearing loss.
Nystagmus

Question 4

What is the mangament of Acoustic neuroma?

Answer 4

Diagnosis- audiogram
Refer to ENT (dependant on the size - they may need radiation or surgery)

Question 5

What do you examinations and investigation do you carry out of a patient is suspected to have tinnitus?

Answer 5

examinations
1) ENT
2) Neuro
3) Parts of cardio exam- listening for any mumurs,bruits

Investigations
1) Bloods- FBC,TFTs, random or fasting glucose

Question 6

what is the treatment of tinnitus?

Answer 6

Formal hearing testing
 Investigations for unilateral, pulsatile and
objective tinnitus are required.
 Investigations for hearing asymmetry is
required.
 Hearing therapy or tinnitus psychology
 Hearing aids if indicated
 If pulsatile or objective tinnitus – refer AVM
or ENT.

Question 7

What bacterias can cause AOM?

Answer 7

Bacterial
 Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis,
Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 8

What is the pathophysiology of mastoiditis?

Answer 8

infection from the middle ear spreading to the mastoid bone and the Bone erodes leading to subperiosteal abscess

Question 9

What are the signs and symptoms of mastoiditis?

Answer 9

Pain
Protruding ear
Erthymea

Question 10

What can be the different cause of TM perforation?

Answer 10

Trauma
 Physical abuse red flag
 Foreign body
 Forceful ear irrigation
 Acute otitis media
 Chronic otitis media
 Middle ear barotrauma (e.g. scuba
Injury)

Question 11

What are the signs ad symptoms of TM?

Answer 11

Symptoms
 Otalgia
 Otorrhoea
 Sudden hearing
loss
 Tinnitus
 Dizziness

Signs
 Bloody and/or
purulent
otorrhoea
 Perforated
tympanic
membrane
 Decreased
hearing affected
ear

Question 12

What is the management of TM?

Answer 12

Spontaneously heal within 2
months
 Do not put anything in affected ear
 Avoid water ear - caution while
showering
 Warm, moist compress for pain
 Acetaminophen or ibuprofen
 Antibiotics if related to infection
 Refer for potential surgery if not
healing