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Year 6 Cross Section > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

what do loop diuretics inhibit?

A

Na/K/2Cl in ascending limb

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2
Q

what do thiazide diuretics inhibit?

A

NaCl co-transporter in DCT

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3
Q

renal causes of haematuria

A

congenital (PCK)
trauma
infection (pyelo)
neoplasm
immune (GN)

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4
Q

extra-renal causes of haematuria

A

trauma (stones, catheter)
infection (cystitis, prostatitis)
neoplasm (bladder, prostate)
drugs (NSAIDs)

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5
Q

commonest causes of proteinuria

A

DM
minimal change
amyloidosis
SLE

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6
Q

other causes of proteinuria

A

HTN
ATN
UTI

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7
Q

WBC casts

A

glomerular haematuria

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8
Q

WBC casts

A

interstitial nephrotos

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9
Q

tubular casts

A

ATN

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10
Q

causes of isolated increase in urea

A

decrease flow
e.g. hypoperfusion, dehydration

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11
Q

causes of rise in urea and creatinine

A

decrease filtration e.g. renal failure

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12
Q

glomerulonephritis causes

A

idiopathic
immune (SLE, Goodpasture’s, vasculitis)
infection (HBV, HCV, Strep, HIV)
Drugs (gold, penicillamine)
Amyloid

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13
Q

causes of nephritic syndrome

A

post-strep
RPGN (anti-GBM, immune complex, pauci immune)

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14
Q

causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

minimal change
membranous
FSGS
Membranoproliferative

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15
Q

RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 1

A

creatinine increase x1.5
dec GFR >25%
UO < 0.5ml/kg/h x6h

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16
Q

RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 2

A

creatinine increase x2
dec GFR >50%
UO < 0.5ml/kg/h x12h

17
Q

RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 3

A

creatinine increase x3
dec GFR >75%
UO < 0.3ml/kg/h x24h or anuria x 12hr

18
Q

what is acute interstitial nephritis? causes?

A

immune-mediated hypersensitivity
causes:
- drug hypersensitivty (NSAIDs, ABx)
- infection
- immune disorder

19
Q

by what stage is chronic renal failure symptomatic?

20
Q

stage 1 CRF GFR

21
Q

Stage 2 CRF GFR

22
Q

Stage 3a CRF GFR

23
Q

Stage 3b CRF GFR

24
Q

Stage 4 CRF GFR

25
Q

Stage 5 CRF GFR

26
Q

bone changes in renal disease

A

renal osteodystrophy
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
secondary/tertiary hyperPTH = osteitis fibrosa cystica

27
Q

normal target BP and target BP in DM

A

<140/90
<130/80 ifDM

28
Q

differentials for rising Cr in transplant

A

rejection
obstruction
ATN
drug toxicity

29
Q

genes mutated in AD PCKD

A

PKD1 or PKD2

30
Q

presentation of PCKD

A

abdo/flank mass
stones
haematuria
berry aneurysms
polyuria/nocturia
extra-renal cysts = liver
systolic murmur: mitral valve prolapse

31
Q

management of PCKD

A

general: inc water intake, monitor U&Es/BP, genetic counselling
MRA for berry aneurysms
Medical: HTN + infection
ESRF - need dialysis/transplant

32
Q

renal enlargement differentials

A

PCKD
Obstruction (hydro)
Occlusion (Renal vein thrombosis)
Neoplasia (RCC, myeloma, amyloid)
Systemic (early DM, amyloid)

Year 6 Cross Section (23 decks)

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