Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 6 Cross Section > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

1
Q

Resus fluids

A

500ml bolus over 15 mins
Reassess
Following fast bolus, adjust dose accordingly (250-500ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Replacement fluids needed in tachycardia and low BP

A
  • tachycardia = usually 1-2L fluid depleted
  • BP only starts going with more than 2L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

maintenance fluid requirements

A

3 L over 24 hrs
1 salty, 2 sweet (1L normal saline, 2L 5% dextrose)
K+ (40-60mmol/24hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

K infusion rate and concentration

A

Rate <10 mmol/hr
Infusion concentration <40 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enzyme inducers

A

PC BRAS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronic)
Sulphonlyurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A

AO DEVICES
Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfuram
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (acute intoxication)
Sulphonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

interactions of paracetamol

A
  • alcohol = hepatotoxic
  • flucloxacillin = metabolic acidosis
  • warfarin = inc INR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interactions of NSAIDs

A
  • SSRIs/warfarin/DOAC/steroids = inc bleeding risk
  • ACEi = hyperkalaemia
  • Diuretics = AKIi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

interactions of opioids

A
  • alcohol = CNS depressant
  • SSRI/ St John Wart/ Sumitriptan = serotonin syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

interactions of steroids

A
  • aspirin = GI bleeding
  • digoxin = dig toxicity
  • erythromycin/citalopram = hypokalaemia
  • antifungals = inc exposure of steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

disulfram reactions

A

ketoconazole
metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where to find opioid conversations

A

prescribing palliative care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where to find benzo dose conversions

A

hypontoics and anxiolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how to find treating hyperkalaemia

A

fluids and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how to find menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where to find vaccination schedule

A

immunisation schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where to find vaccination schedule

A

immunization schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where to find what drugs to stop before surgery

A

surgery and long term medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where to find what drugs to stop before surgery

A

surgery and long term medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where to find overdoses and poisoning

A

poisoning, emergency treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where to find overdoses and poisoning

A

poisoning, emergency treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GP stuff/hypoglycaemia

A

medical emergencies in community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diabetes, surgery, medical illness

A

surgery in diabetic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where to find pneumonia management?

A

respiratory system infection, antibacterial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where to find infective endocarditis management?

A

cardiovascular system infections, antibacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where to find DI management?

A

posterior pituitary hormones and anatagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

calculating concentration

A

mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL) x 100
in g/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1:100

A

1g in 100mL
1000mg in 100mL
10mg in 1mL
= 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1:100

A

1g in 100mL
1000mg in 100mL
10mg in 1mL
= 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

1:1000

A

1g in 1000mL
1000mg in 1000mL
1mg in 1mL
= 0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

1:1000

A

1g in 1000mL
1000mg in 1000mL
1mg in 1mL
= 0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

1:10,000

A

1g in 10,000mL
1000mg in 10,000mL
0.1mg in 1mL
= 0.01%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

kg to mcg

A

kg to g (x1000)
g to mg (x1000)
mg to mcg (x1000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

key opioid conversations

A

codeine PO to morphine PO (divide by 10)
morphine PO to morphine IM/IV/SC (divide by 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

important to remember when prescribe morphine sulphate

A

prepared as 2.5mg aliquots
round to nearest
better to over dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Fentanyl patch prescription

A

1 application
topical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

rattling breath sound tx

A

hyoscine hydrobromide
Glycopyronnium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

pain and breathlessness tx

A

morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

agitation tx

A

midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

nausea tx

A

haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

POP prescription

A

noethisterone
levonorgestrel
desogestrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

prescribing COCP e.g. microgynon

A

ethinylestradiol 30mcg/ levonorgestrel 50mcg
monophasic 21-day tablets

41
Q

COCP 1 missed pill

A

take missed pill straight away
continue rest of pack as normal

42
Q

COCP 2+ pills missed

A

take most recent missed pill
abstain/use condoms for 7 days
if recent intercourse in 7 days = emergency contraception

43
Q

if < 7 pills left in pack after missed pill

A

start next pack back to back
no rest or withdrawal bleed

44
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

44
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

44
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

44
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

45
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

46
Q

POP patient info

A

take within 3 hours (or 12 if desogestrel)
need 48hrs to re-establish

47
Q

vomiting patient info with pill

A

if sick within 2 hours of taking pill, take another

48
Q

diarrhoea patient info with pill

A

if severe lasting >24 hours, act as if missed pill

49
Q

COCP risks

A

inc risk of VTE/MI/stroke
inc risk of breast and cervical Ca

50
Q

POP risk

A

inc risk of ovarian cysts and breast Ca

51
Q

HRT risks

A

VTE
ischaemic stroke
breast and endometrial Ca

52
Q

hint about finding contraception on BNF

A

type brand name in = will give you prescription drug equivalent

53
Q

prescribing COC patch

A

estradiol 50mcg per 24 hours, levongestrel 7mcg per 24 hours
transdermal patch
1 application
once a week

54
Q

prescribing COC vaginal ring

A

search vaginal ring
ethenylestradiol with etonogestrel
1 unit
once a month, for 7 days

55
Q

prescribing POC implant

A

etonogestrel
1 implant
subdermal
once only

56
Q

1st line management of T2DM

A

diet, exercise, weight loss for 6-8 weeks

57
Q

when is second line diabetic treatment started?

A

when HbA1c > 53 even after 1st line treatment

58
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitor SE

A

weight loss
euglycaemic ketoacidosis

59
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor examples
who to prescribe

A

sitagliptin, linagliptin
elderly and obese

60
Q

GLP-1 inhibitor examples
important info

A

semaglutide, exenatide
weight loss, SC injfection

61
Q

contraindications of thiazdinediones

A

HF
bladder Ca
Hx of DKA

62
Q

when is insulin therapy started in T2DM

A

if HbA1c > 58 mmol/mol despite max non-insulin treatment

63
Q

insulin regimes

A
  1. Basal: long acting insulin given OD/BD
  2. Biphasic: LA and SA insulin given BD with meds
  3. Basal-bolus: basal + SA bolus doses with meds
64
Q

names of long acting insulins

A

Humulin
Glargine (Lantus)
Detemir

65
Q

hypoglycaemia treatment

A

alert: juice, oral glucose
unconscious: 100ml 20% glucose, 200ml 10% glucose, glucagon 1mg IM

66
Q

when can’t you use glucagon

A

in malnourished, fasting, liver disease, on sulphonlyurea

67
Q

how to monitor after hypoglycaemia?

A

recheck every 10-15 minutes until >4 mmol/mol
once alert give long acting carbs

68
Q

what to do if hypoglycaemia is due to basal insulin?

A

reduce dose by 10-20%

69
Q

what to do if hypoglycaemia is due to bolus insulin?

A

reduce dose by 2-4 units

70
Q

what to do if hypoglycaemia is due to sulphonylurea?

A

reduce dose e.g. gliclazide down by 40mg

71
Q

if have hyperglycaemia and metformin, what do to?

A

increase by 500mg

72
Q

if have hyperglycaemia and on insulin, what to do?

A

if fasting BMs are high = inc LA insulin by 10%

73
Q

where to find important diabetes treatment summary?

A

Diabetes, Surgery and Medical Illness

74
Q

what to do with warfarin if major bleed?

A

stop warfarin
give phytomenadione IV
give PCC

75
Q

what to do with warfarin and minor bleed (no matter what INR)?

A

stop warfarin
give phytomenadione IV
restart warfarin when INR < 5

76
Q

what to do with warfarin is INR > 8.0 but no bleed?

A

stop warfarin
give phytomenadione PO
restart warfarin when INR < 5

77
Q

what to do with warfarin if INR 5-8 but no bleed?

A

withhold 1-2 doses
reduce maintenance dose

78
Q

what does PCC contain?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

79
Q

neural tube prevention in sickle cell

A

folic acid 5mg PO OD until birth

80
Q

what happens if eGFR drops by <25% or creatinine increases by < 30% on ACEi?

A

do not modify dose
re-check levels in 2 weeks

81
Q

what happens if eGFR drops by >25% or creatinine increases by > 30% on ACEi?

A

investigate other causes e.g. volume depletion
consider drugs which may contribute
stop ACEi
OR
reduce dose to previosuly tolerable dose and re-check in 5 days

82
Q

what does FFP contain?

A

all clotting factors, slower admin

83
Q

what does cryo contain?

A

factors 8, 13, fibrinogen, vWF

84
Q

what is the indication for cryo?

A

fibrinogen deficiency
dysfibrinogenaemia

85
Q

important points to remember about U&Es

A

eGFR trend
pre-renal AKI: urea rises more
post/intrinsic: creatinine rises more

86
Q

what is the vancomycin dose calculated on?

A

creatinine clearence

87
Q

what is trough level of vancomycin?

A

10-20

88
Q

if vancomycin trough is 21-25, what to do?

A

reduce dose by 25%
repeat pre-dose level after 48 hrs

89
Q

if vancomycin trough is >25, what to do?

A

do not administer further vancomycin until trough <20

90
Q

example maintenance fluid regime

A
  1. Saline 0.9% + 20mmol KCL (/8 hrs)
  2. Dextrose 5% + 20mmol KCL (/8 hrs)
  3. Dextrose 5% + 20mmol KCL (/8 hrs)
91
Q

Rapid acting insulin
- effect
- duration
- examples

A
  • start after 10 mins
  • last ~4 hours
  • e.g. novorapid
92
Q

Short acting insulin
- effect
- duration
- examples

A
  • start after 30 mins
  • last ~ 8 hours
  • e.g. Actrapid
93
Q

Immediate acting insulin
- effect
- duration
- examples

A
  • start after 1 hour
  • last ~16 hours
  • e.g. Humulin I
94
Q

Long acting insulin
- effect
- duration
- examples

A
  • start after 1 hour
  • last ~ 24 hours
  • e.g. Lantus
95
Q

gentamicin toxicities and CI

A

ototoxic, nephrotoxic
CI: MG

96
Q

peak and trough of gentamicin

A

peak (1 hour after admin)
trough (just before next dose)

97
Q

what to do if trough (pre-dose) is high?

A

increase interval between doses

98
Q

what to do if peak (post-trough) is high?

A

dose should be decreased

Year 6 Cross Section (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions