Opthalmology

Question 1

management of acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 1

1. refer
2. medicate
3. laser peripheral iridotomy
4. lens extraction

Question 2

anterior uveitis appearence

Answer 2

irregular and small pupil
hypopyon

Question 3

corneal abrasion

Answer 3

epithelial breech without keratitis

Question 4

symptoms of retinal detachment

Answer 4

floaters
flashes
field loss
fall in acuity

Question 5

management of retinal detachment

Answer 5

urgent vitrectomy and gas tamponade with laser coagulation

Question 6

retinal vein occlusion management

Answer 6

can only be managed actively if ischaemic cause
mx: panretinal photocoagulation

Question 7

symptoms of chronic open angle glaucoma

Answer 7

peripheral vision loss

Question 8

aspects of annual eye screening for diabetic patients

Answer 8

• fundus photography
• fluorescin staining

Question 9

hypertensive eye disease

Answer 9

1. silver wiring
2. AV nipping
3. flame haemorrhages, cotton wool exudates
4. papilloedema

Question 10

cataract symptoms

Answer 10

dazzling bright lights
haloes
night vision loss

Question 11

retinoblastoma symptoms

Answer 11

strabismus
leukocoria

Question 12

longer term management of acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 12

bilateral laser peripheral iridotomy
(once IOP has decreased)

Question 13

causes of RAPD

Answer 13

optic neuritis/atrophy
retinal disease

Question 14

causes of fixed dilated pupil

Answer 14

acute glaucoma
mydriatics
CN3 compression

Question 15

anterior uveitis

Answer 15

pain
photophobia
blurred vision
small/irregular pupil
hypopyon

Question 16

what is hypopyon

Answer 16

pus in anterior chamber

Question 17

cause of dendritic ulcer

Answer 17

herpes simplex

Question 18

central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 18

• dramatic unilateral vision loss
• RAPD
• pale retina with cherry-red macula

Question 19

causes of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 19

GCA
Thromboembolism

Question 20

Management of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 20

if seen within 6 hours = inc retinal blood flow by decreasing IOP
- occular massage, surgical removal of aqueous, anti-HTN

Question 21

treatment of wet AMRD

Answer 21

photodynamic therapy
VEGF inhibitors

Question 22

diabetic pre-proliferative retinopathy

Answer 22

cotton wool spots (infarcts)
venous bleeding
dark haemorrhages

Question 23

diabetic proliferative retinopathy

Answer 23

new vessels
pre-retinal vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment

Question 24

symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 24

blurred vision
dazzling bright lights

Question 25

causes of floaters

Answer 25

retinal detachment
VH
Diabetes

Question 26

causes of haloes

Answer 26

acute glaucoma
cataract
corneal oedema

Question 27

stages of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 27

1. silver wiring
2. AV nipping
3. Flame haemorrhages, soft cotton wool spots
4. Papilloedema