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T's Chempath Y5 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

what are the criteria for a substance to be used as a GFR marker

A

must not be bound to serum proteins
freely filtered from the glomerulus
not secrete of resorbed by tubular cells

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2
Q

what is the common endogenous marker of GFR

A

serum creatinine

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3
Q

what affects the rate of creatinine genertion

A

muscularity
age
sex
ethnicity

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4
Q

what effects will a reduction in circulating volume have

A

activation of baroreceptors ->

  • RAAS activation -> vasocon
  • vasopressin release -> inc cardiac output
  • SNS activation -> renal sodium retention
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5
Q

what are the causes of pre-renal AKI

A

true vol depletion (haemorrhage)
hypotension
oedema
drugs

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6
Q

what drugs can cause pre renal AKI

A

ACEi/ARB -> dec efferent constriction
NSAIDs/calcineurin inhib -> dec afferent dilation
diuretics

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7
Q

how is AKI severity classified

A

KDIGO classification

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8
Q

what are the main causes of CKD

A 
diabetes
hypertension
chronic glomerulonephritis
infective/obstructive uropathy
PKD
diet
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9
Q

what are the main consequences of CKD

A

progressive failure of homeostatic function
progressive failure of hormonal function
cardiovascular disease
uraemia

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10
Q

what are the consequences of the decline in homeostatic function seen in CKD

A
  • > renal acidosis

- > hyperkalaemia

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11
Q

who is especially at risk of hyperkalaemia in CKD

A

diabetics

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12
Q

what is the treatment for renal acidosis from CKD

A

sodium bicarb

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13
Q

what drugs cause hyperkalaemia

A

ACEi, spironolactone

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14
Q

what kind of anaemia is seen in ckd

A

normocytic, normochromic

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15
Q

what is the treatment for renal bone disease seen in CKD

A

phosphate control (diet + binders)
vit D R activators
PTH suppression

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16
Q

what cardiovascular changes are seen in CKD

A

uraemic cardiomyopathy - LV hypertrophy -> dilatation -> dysfunction

17
Q

what is a contraindication for transplantation in CKD

A

active sepsis

18
Q

what are some indicators for dialysis

A 
refractory hypokal
refractory fluid overload
metab acidosis
uraemic sympto
CKD stage 5
19
Q

what GFR constituted CKD stage 5

A

<15 ml/min

T's Chempath Y5 (14 decks)

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