Acid-Base

Question 1

Normal values for pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

normal CO2 values

Answer 2

4.7-6

Question 3

normal bicarb values

Answer 3

22-30

Question 4

findings in metab acidosis

Answer 4

dec pH
dec bicarb
dec/normal CO2 (if compensated)

Question 5

causes of metab acidosis

Answer 5

lactate, DKA, renal tubular acidosis, intestinal fistula

Question 6

findings in metab alk

Answer 6

inc pH
inc bicarb
inc/normal CO2

Question 7

causes of metab alk

Answer 7

pyloric stenosis, hypokal, bicarb ingestion

Question 8

findings in resp acidosis

Answer 8

dec pH
inc/normal bicarb
inc CO2

Question 9

causes of resp acidosis

Answer 9

lung inj - pneumonia/COPD

dec ventilation - morphine OD

Question 10

findings in resp alk

Answer 10

inc pH
dec/normal bicarb
dec CO2

Question 11

causes of resp alk

Answer 11

mechanical vent

anx/panic attack

Question 12

what is the osmolar gap and what is normal

Answer 12

osmo (measured) - osmo (calc)

normal = < 10

Question 13

how do you calc anion gap

Answer 13

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

normal = 14-18

Question 14

causes of inc anion gap metab acidosis

Answer 14

KLUT
ketoacidosis (DKA, starvation)
Lactic acidosis 
Uraemia (renal F)
Toxins (methanol, ethyline glycol)