Renal

Question 1

Main function of renal system

Answer 1

Homeostasis of BP

Question 2

Urine track

Answer 2

Renal papilla> minor calyx> major calyx> renal pelvis> ureters> bladder> urethra

Question 3

Functional unit of kidney

Answer 3

Nephron= renal corpuscle + tubules

Question 4

Renal corpuscle =

Renal tubules=

Answer 4

Glomerulus + bowmans capsule

Tubules = PCT, LOH, DCT

Question 5

Kidney lobes are made of

Answer 5

Lobules

Question 6

Interlobular arteries vs interlobar

Answer 6

Lobular are in between lobules

Lobar are between lobes

Question 7

Podocytes surround what

Answer 7

Endothelial cells of vessels (SSET)

Pedicels are the foot like processes

Question 8

Glomerular filtration barrier-

Answer 8

Pedicels + endothelial cells + shared basal lamina

Question 9

Physical vs charge barrier

Answer 9

Physical - small molecules pass easily

Charge- + pass easily

Question 10

Vasoconstriction

Answer 10

Caused by endothelin secretion of intraglomerular messangial cells

Angiotensin 2

Question 11

Intraglomerular vs extraglomerular messangeal cells

Answer 11

Intraglomerular is between two caps
Endothelin for vasoconstriction
Phagocytosis
Contractile proteins

Extra regulates blood pressure

Question 12

What is continuous with extraglomerular cells

Answer 12

Macula densa of DCT

Question 13

Macula densa is highly sensitive to

Answer 13

NaCl concentration

Low NaCl= low blood pressure = increase in renin to increase BP = increase in angio2 = contraction of cells to decrease filtrate = increase BP

Question 14

What does low NaCl concentration do

Answer 14

Low NaCl= low blood pressure = increase in renin to increase BP = increase in angio2 = contraction of cells to decrease filtrate = increase BP

Question 15

Bowmans capsule 2 Layers and space between

Answer 15

Parietal= Sim squamous ET

Bowmans space between where filtrate exits to PCT

Visceral = podocytes and pedicels which are not visible in slide

Question 16

PCT

Descending thick loop

Answer 16

Cuboidal
MVBB
Nuclei at apex bc of basal striations
Tight junctions

Resorption of water, solutes, ions
70% filtrate resorbed here

Question 17

Loop of henle thin tubule

Countercurrent multiplication

Answer 17

Simple squamous et

Descending- water diffuses passively bc it is permeable

Ascending- water is impermeable, but follows NaCl active diffusion through osmosis > countercurrent

Question 18

DCT and ascending thick LOH

Answer 18

Solute resorption
Shorter cells than PCT,
NO MVBB

Question 19

Collecting duct

Answer 19

Sim columnar

Distinguishable borders

Question 20

Structure of all excretory passages

Answer 20

Transitional et
Lamina propria- fibrous ct creates mucosal folds
Muscularis- SM layers
Adventitia- loose ct and adipose

Question 21

Renin angiotensin system ADH

Principal cells vs intercalated cells of CD

Answer 21

Principal: Renin> angio1> angio 2> aldosterone by adrenal gland> reacts on principal cells of collecting duct

End blood results:

Removal of K from blood

Increase Na in blood- cause higher stroke volume and blood pressure
Higher H2O in blood- cause higher stroke volume and blood pressure

Intercalated: end result = blood becomes less acidic, urine becomes more acidic

Question 22

ADH is a

Answer 22

VASOPRESSIN OR VASOCONSTRICTOR

Increase ADH= increase h2o in blood= increase BP