Blood Cells Flashcards

Question

``` RH factor Aka First vs second pregnancy What does it cause Prevention ```

Answer 1

Erythroblastosis fetalis You either have the rH antigen or you don’t HAVE IT= + Do not have it= - When mother is rH- and fetus is rH+ Ok for first pregnancy, BUT if other pregnancies occur it can become dangerous FIRST PREGNANCY: 1. In third trimester fetal blood can leak into mothers circulation through placenta 2. Mother starts producing rH antibodies due to adaptive immunity 3. The mothers immune response is too slow to cause any damage to fetus SECOND PREGNANCY: 1. Fetal blood leaks into mothers circulation 2. Mothers previously made antibodies from the first pregnancy travel through placenta to fetus circulation 3. Antibodies attack fetal blood causing HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA and JAUNDICE Prevention: Give the mother anti-rh antibodies before the third trimester These anti rh antibodies will mask the fetal antigens that leak through Which in turn inhibits the mothers immune response to make antibodies

Answer 2

Hypoxic injury to the heart and the liver | Caused by erythroblastosis fetalis (rH factor)

Answer 3

Damage to the CNS | Caused by rH factor

Answer 4

RBC is sickle shaped Poor carrier of o2 Stick together due to shape and cause a pile up that obstructs blood flow Caused by a recessive hereditary disease where a POINT MUTATION in the beta chain This changes glutamate ——-> valine which turns HbA ——-> HbS!!!

Answer 5

RBC lack the biconcave shape and the pale center due to cytoskeleton abnormalities Ellip: SOME RBC are elliptical shaped Defect in BAND 4.1 AND SPECTRIN Sphero: SOME RBC are spherical shaped Defect in SPECTRIN only *Spherical = Spectrin ONLY

Answer 6

Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils *BEN Short lived

Answer 7

Lymphocytes Monocytes Have a much longer lifespan

Answer 8

Granulocytes only Primary AZUROPHILIC Present in alllll leukocytes Lysosome like Secondary SPECIFIC present in ONLY granulocytes Unique to each granulocyte Lysozyme and enzymes

Answer 9

Neutral granules *neutrophil = neutral granules Most abundant, first line of defense Stains light pink 3-5 lobes Live 6-7hours in circ, 1-4 days in tissues Functions: Phagocytosis BACTERIA Lysozyme and elastase break it down Motile- half in circ, half loosely attached to endothelium MARGINATION Diapadesis- trasnmigration, when neutrophils go between endothelial lining into CT to fight infection, DO NOT RE ENTER BLOOD

Answer 10

Acidophilic granules *eosinophilic= acidophilic BASIC ``` Features: Vibrant pink Bi lobed nucleus Short lived for about 18 hours FIGHT ALLERGY by recruiting basophils and PARASITES *allergeeeeeeee =eosinophils *parasites are EOSY to get rid of ``` Functions: Trigger allergic reaction and histamine by basophils Granule components Major basic protein - charcot-layden crystals that execute parasites by disrupting membranes, triggers histamine release by basophils Cationic protein- neutralizes heparin and disrupts membrane Peroxidase - binds microorganisms and recruits macros Derived neurotoxin- secretory protein with antiviral activity

Answer 11

Basophilic granules *basophils= basophilic ACIDIC ``` Features: Stains dark purple Multilobed nucleus that looks like a ton of dots Least abundant Short lived for about 60 hours ``` Functions: Similar to mast cells because of their histamine release- activated by antigens and histamine is released by IgE receptors *igEEEEE = histamineeeeeee Allergic reaction with HISTAMINE and heparin- vasodilation and increased permeability Defense against parasitic worms Deal with acute hypersensitivity reactions * Heparin and histamine are ACIDIC * Heparin Histamine Hypersensitivity Worms

Answer 12

Innate immunity | NEUTROPHILS

Answer 13

When blood cells loosely attach to the endothelium Neutrophils and platelets

Answer 14

Migration of inflammatory cells from circ to CT They do this when they are ready to attack bacteria and fight infection Neutrophils

Answer 15

Eosinophil granules components MBP: charcot-layden crystals that execute parasites by disrupting membranes, triggers histamine release by basophils Cationic protein- neutralizes heparin and disrupts membrane Peroxidase - binds microorganisms and recruits macros Derived neurotoxin- secretory protein with antiviral activity

Answer 16

Agranulocyte Most cells are small GOLGI GHOST Large nucleus takes up most of cell B or T cells Both produced in bone marrow, T cells move on to the thymus to mature Indistinguishable Most are long lived at around 100-200 days to YEARS——> memory cells Large= ACTIVE t/b cell or nk cell Functions: B cell- activated by Th cell, produce antibodies once they become a plasma cell T cells- cytotoxic responses or activate B cells Nk cells- cytotoxic response of tumors and viral cells, INNATE

Answer 17

Plasma cell! They need these to make antibodies | *GOLGI GHOST

Answer 18

Large Half moon fat nucleus takes up half of cell, kidney shaped 10-100 hours They are a precursor to tissue specific macrophages!! They diff into macrophages inside of tissue Ie, liver is a kuppfer cell APC for T cells to recognize

Answer 19

Leukocytosis: High WBC count, due to infection, greater release from storage Leukopenia: Low WBC count due to marrow failure due to toxins

Answer 20

Thrombocytes Small Short lived Made in bone marrow-Megakaryocytes are precursors Cytoplasmic channels and high MT content allow shape change Inactive= sphere Active= highly convoluted, crinkly Vacuoles and mito Integrin proteins on surface act as adhesion receptors Functions: Wound plugging Hemostatis Secrete factors to stim other cells ie serotonin

Answer 21

Hemostatis- hemostatic plug formed Alpha granules 1. Vessel ruptures and collagen fibers are exposed 2. Platelets stick to these fibers due to integrins on surface- adhesion 3. Platelets make thrombin which turns fibrinogen —-> fibrin filaments 4. Fibrin forms a mesh work clot 5. Fibrin secretes factors that recruit other cells for healing

Answer 22

Produced by platelets | Turn fibrinogen into fibrin during clot formation

Answer 23

Alpha- proteins that are involved in hemostatis- bleeding prevention Fibrinogen, plasminogen, platelet derived gf Dense- mediators of vascular tone Serotonin is a contractor Phosphate ADP Lysosomal- mediators of thrombus dissolution (fibrinogen into fibrin)

Answer 24

Platelet disease X linked recessive Causes poor clotting and severe bleeding Type A and B differ in their clotting factor defects Treatment= administer synthetic forms of clotting factor

Answer 25

Platelet disease Autosomal recessive bleeding disorder Mutation in platelet integrins Platelets are not able to adhere to finrinogen during clot formation so bleeding continues