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Remaining material for Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

A

Concentric and Eccentric contractions

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2
Q

Which of the following structures is apart of a parallel elastic component of a muscle?

  1. Titin
  2. Tendon
  3. Extracellular connective tissue
  4. Bone
A

Extracellular connective tissue

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3
Q

No ATP is extended in isometric contractions

  1. True
  2. False
A

Both isometric and isotonic contractions require ATP

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4
Q

Titin stretches between myosin and the Z-line

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

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5
Q

Isometric tension occurs at what velocity of contraction?

A

0

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6
Q

Recruitment varies with muscle tension

  1. True
  2. False
A

False- recruitment varies with muscle length, not tension!

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7
Q

Recruitment is least around the optimal length and greatest at shorter or longer lengths

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

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8
Q

Force-velocity curve is associated with what contractions?

  1. Isometric
  2. Isotonic
A

Isotonic

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9
Q

The relationship between force/tension and velocity of movement during concentric contraction are _______ proportional

  1. Directly
  2. Indirectly
A

Indirectly

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10
Q

Muscles produce the greatest force during which contraction?

  1. Isometric
  2. Concentric
  3. Eccentric
A

Eccentric

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11
Q

We move the same load faster not by increasing increasing recruitment but by increasing muscle tension:

  1. True
  2. False
A

False- we move the same load faster not by increasing muscle tension but by increasing recruitment

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12
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is highly used in an aerobic setting?

  1. Type 1
  2. Type 1 B
  3. Type 2 A
  4. Type 3 B
A

Type 1

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13
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is most quickly fatigued?

  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2 B
  3. Type 2 A
  4. Type 3 B
A

Type 2 B

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14
Q

Which type of muscle fiber has low mitochondrial content?

  1. Type 1
  2. Type 1 B
  3. Type 2 A
  4. Type 3 B
A

Type 2 A

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15
Q

Type 1 and type 2 A have many more capillaries than type 2 b

  1. True
  2. False
A

True because they are involved with aerobic functions

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16
Q

ATPase alkaline preincubation is used for histochemical technique fiber type identification to inhibit which fiber?

  1. Fast twitch
  2. Slow twitch
A

Slow twitch

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17
Q

Which of the following histochemical techniques are used to identify oxidative potential?

  1. H&E
  2. Dystrophia
  3. Ab to to type 2A myosin heavy chain
  4. SDH
A

SDH

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18
Q

The cross sectional areas of slow and fast twitch fibers found in the human body are based on genetics

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

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19
Q

Which of the following fibers are the last to be recruited?

  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2 A
  3. Type 2B
A

Type 2B

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20
Q

Larger cell bodies have a greater input resistance to synaptic input

  1. True
  2. False
A

False- smaller cell bodies have greater input resistance

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21
Q

Which of the following is not apart of aerobic ATP provision?

  1. Blood glucose/ muscle glycogen oxidation
  2. Free fatty acid oxidation
  3. Lactic Acid Oxidation
  4. Amino Acid oxidation
A

Lactic Acid Oxidation

22
Q

Peripheral nerve regeneration is dependent on the integrity of the connective tissue covering

  1. True
  2. False
23
Q

There is no degeneration or denervation with:

  1. Neurapraxia
  2. Axonotmesis
  3. Neurotmesis
A

Neurapraxia- only injury that does not include wallerian degeneration

24
Q

In which nerve injury is the connective tissue compromised?

  1. Neurapraxia
  2. Axonotmesis
  3. Neurotmesis
A

Neurotmesis

25
This occurs when muscle is replaced with fat and connective tissue 1. Necrosis 2. Pseudohypertrophy 3. Hypertrophy 4. Fibrosis
Pseudohypertrophy
26
What is the name of the bridging protein that sends contractile forces from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix?
Dystrophin
27
Which protease breaks down muscle fibers when there is an influx of calcium ions in the cells due to dystrophin damage?
Calpain
28
How does MECHANICAL muscle damage occur with a dystrophin defect? 1. Eccentric Contraction 2. Concentric Contraction 3. Isometric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction. Therefore, eccentric training is inappropriate.
29
All of the following are ways in which dystrophin defects cause muscle injury except: 1. Mechanically 2. Ionically 3. Calcium influx 4. Ischemia
Ionically
30
In the pathophysiology of DMD, what occurs right after the absence of dystrophin? 1. Mechanical injury to muscle fibers 2. Degeneration of fibers 3. Loss of regenerative capacity 4. Pseudohypertrophy
Mechanical injury to muscle fibers
31
At what age do people with DMD lose ambulation? 1. 5 2. 10 3. 15 4. 17
10. They usually become dependent of wheelchairs
32
What is typically the cause of death in individuals with DMD?
Pneumonia
33
What is the onset age of individuals with Becker Muscular Dystrophy? 1. 5 2. 10 3. 12 4. 14
12
34
Which of the following is a disorder of the neuromuscular junction? 1. Duschenne Muscular Dystrophy 2. Becker Muscular Dystrophy 3. Myasthenia Gravis 4. none of the above
Myasthenia Gravis - acetylcholine receptors are the target of an immune response
35
Men are more susceptible to myasthenia gravis than females 1. True 2. False
False- females are more susceptible. The onset age is between 20 and 30
36
Which of the following is not a risk factor for myasthenia gravis? 1. Pseudohypertrophy in calf 2. abnormality in thymus 3. diabetes 4. immune disorder (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)
Pseudohypertrophy in calf
37
All of the following are symptoms of myasthenia gravis except: 1. Weakness/fatigue 2. Diploplia 3. Ptosis 4. Diarrhea 5. Difficulty in chewing and swallowing 6. Diaphragm fatigue
Diarrhea
38
Which of the following originates in the CNS 1. Muscle Spasticity 2. Muscle Spasm
Muscle Spasticity. Muscle spasm is associated with tissue injury (inflammatory & local)
39
Which of the following drugs is an agonist of the Gaba-B receptors? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen
Baclofen (although it is not specific, Gaba-A receptors cen also be agonized)
40
How often does a baclofen pump need to be refilled and then replaced?
Refilled every 3 months, replaced every 3 to 7 years
41
Overdose of baclofen can cause depression in all of the following except: 1. Respiratory 2. Digestive 3. Cardiac 4. Coma
Digestive
42
Which of the following medicines used for muscle spasticity has affects on the musculoskeletal system and not the CNS? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen
Dantrium
43
Which of the following occurs with Dantrium? 1. K+ channels open because of Gaba-B receptor, causing hyperpolarization 2. Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions 3. Function is not clear 4. Inhibits acteylcholine esterase
Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions
44
What organ can dantrium be toxic for? 1. Heart 2. Liver 3. Spleen 4. Lungs
Liver- hepathotoxicity (most common in women over 30)
45
Which of the following drugs can also lower BP, reduce headaches and fibromyalgia? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Botox 4. Baclofen
Tizanidine. Main function however is to agonize alpha 2 receptors, which inhibits spinal chord neurons in the reflex arcs of the spinal chord
46
What happens with botox? 1. agonize alpha 2 receptors 2. Blocks Ca+ channels in SR, reducing muscle contractions 3. Prevent motor neurons from releasing acetylcholine by impacting protein that acts in fusion of vesicle with the membrane 4. No known affect
Prevent motor neurons from releasing acetylcholine by impacting protein that acts in fusion of vesicle with the membrane
47
Which drug inhibits alpha motor neurons in the spinal chord? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Polysnaptic Inhibitors 4. Baclofen
Polysynaptic Inhibitors
48
Vertigo is associated with which drug? 1. Dantrium 2. Tizanidine 3. Polysnaptic Inhibitors 4. Baclofen
Polysynaptic inhibitor
49
Which of the following is not a depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker? 1. Pancuronium 2. Vecuronium 3. Pavulon 4. Succinylcholine
Succinylcholine
50
Which is associated with flacid paralysis? 1. Pancuronium 2. Vecuronium 3. Pavulon 4. Succinylcholine
Succinylcholine
51
Which common drug can cause issues with connective tissue, resulting in myopathies 1. Alcohol 2. Glucocorticoids 3. Statins 4. Colchicine 5. Zidovudine (AZT)
Glucocorticoids
52
Rhabdomyoloysis is the break down of:
muscle fibers and cells

Bioscience (6 decks)

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