Endocrine System

Question 1

Exopthalmos is associated with:

1. Hypothyroidism
2. GH Excess
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Hyperpituitarism

Answer 1

Hyperthyroidism

Question 2

All of the following derive from the adrenal cortex except:

1. Tyrosine
2. Aldosterone
3. Cortisol
4. Androgen

Answer 2

Tyrosine

Question 3

Aldosterone acts on the kidneys and is used to regulate:

1. Cholesterol
2. Sodium Chloride
3. Blood Pressue
4. Urine production

Answer 3

Sodium Chloride

Question 4

What is the precursor for all steroids?

Answer 4

Cholestorol

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an androgenic/anabolic hormone:

1. Androstenedione
2. Testosterone
3. Estradiol
4. Progesterone

Answer 5

Progesterone

Question 6

The adrenocorticotrophic is released by:

1. The hypothalamus
2. The anterior pituitary gland
3. The adrenal cortex
4. Cortisol

Answer 6

The anterior pituitary gland

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT influence the action potential for cortisol production:

1. Infection
2. Sleep
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Hemorrhage

Answer 7

Sleep (depresses cortisol levels)

Question 8

Protein undergoes ________in relation to increased cortisol levels

1. Anabolic
2. Catabolic

Answer 8

Catabolic

Question 9

Cortisol acts on DNA to promote enzymes that work on certain pathways:

1. True
2. False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Cortisol inhibits all of the following except:

1. Cytokine
2. Adhesion molecules
3. Leukotrienes
4. Lysosomal Enzymes

Answer 10

Lysosomal Enzymes…..Cortisol stabilizes it

Question 11

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are

Answer 11

Pro-inflammatory molecules that mediate pain response

Question 12

Cortisol generally increases migration of immune cells to site of infection and increases their ability to respond to inflammatory mediators

1. True
2. False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Addison’s and cushing’s syndrome are a result of:

Answer 13

adrenal insufficiency

Question 14

What is aldosterone responsible for regulating

Answer 14

Sodium chloride levels

Question 15

Addison’s disease is today most often associated with:

1. AIDS
2. auto-immune disease
3. tuberculosis
4. high blood pressure

Answer 15

auto-immune disease

Question 16

Long term use of corticol steroids can be weight gain

1. True
2. False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Alpha cells produce:

1. Insulin
2. Glucagon

Answer 17

Glucagon

Question 18

Insulin is associated with:

1. Absorptive State
2. Post Absorptive State

Answer 18

Absorptive State

Question 19

The brain is insulin dependent

1. True
2. False

Answer 19

False. It is glucose dependent. Only muscle and fat are insulin dependent to take up energy.

Question 20

In the absence of insulin, GLUT 4 transporters are mainly found in:

1. The cytoplasm
2. The cell membrane

Answer 20

The cytoplasm

Question 21

Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis

1. True
2. False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Insulin levels _______during exercise

1. Increase
2. Decrese

Answer 22

Decrease

Question 23

Which is the a long term indicator for blood glucose level:

1. Fasting Plasma Glucose
2. Oral glucose tolerance Test
3. Hemoglobin A1C levels

Answer 23

Hemoglobin A1C levels

Question 24

Creates changes in neighboring cells by diffusion

1. Autocrine cells
2. Paracrine cells

Answer 24

Paracrine

Question 25

Usually synthesized as a prohormone and is packaged and stored in vesicles: 1. Peptide hormone 2. Steroid hormone

Answer 25

Peptide

Question 26

Release is not instantaneous and blood levels rise slowly is response: 1. Peptide hormone 2. Steroid hormone

Answer 26

Steroid

Question 27

Water insoluble so they circulate bound to a plasma protein 1. Peptide hormone 2. Steroid hormone

Answer 27

Steroid

Question 28

Camp and Ca+ are both second messengers for 1. Peptide hormone 2. Steroid hormone

Answer 28

Peptide hormone

Question 29

Biological effects on DNA to increase synthesis of protein 1. Peptide hormone 2. Steroid hormone

Answer 29

Steroid hormone

Question 30

ADH and Oxytocin are released from 1. The anterior pituitary gland 2. The posterior pituitary gland

Answer 30

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Question 31

Binding of oxytocine on receptors in myometrium causes

Answer 31

Uterine Contraction

Question 32

Increased plasma osmolarity and decreased plasma volume is the ________ of ADH 1. Stimulus 2. Response

Answer 32

Stimulus

Question 33

A secondary issue is involved with: 1. Hypothalamus 2. The anterior pituitary Gland 3. The peripheral organ

Answer 33

anterior pituitary gland

Question 34

Usually due to a hormone secreting adenoma (functionl tumor) 1. Hyperpituitarism 2. Hypopertuitarism

Answer 34

Hyperpituitarism

Question 35

Turner's syndrome is a genetic issue involving GH that leads to short stature 1. True 2. False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Majority of GH is located in the Pancreas: 1. True 2. False

Answer 36

False- in the liver

Question 37

All of the following are effects of GH as a growth hormone except: 1. Loss of muscle mass 2. Weight Loss 3. Artherosclerosis

Answer 37

Weight loss

Question 38

All of the following are conditions associated with congenital GH problems except 1. Pituitary Dwarfism 2. Gigantism 3. Achondroplastic Dwarfism 4. Acromegaly

Answer 38

Acromegaly - an acquired excess GH production

Question 39

Thyroid stores T3 and T4 1. True 2. False

Answer 39

False- it only stores thyroglobulin

Question 40

Which is more biologically active? 1. T3 2. T4

Answer 40

T3

Question 41

Cretinism is a congenital thyroid defect due to 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism

Answer 41

Hypothyroidism

Question 42

Goiter is a result of 1. Hyperthyoridism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Both

Answer 42

Both

Question 43

Grave's disease is the _______result of hyperthyroidism 1. primary 2. secondary

Answer 43

primary

Question 44

What does propyl-thyracil do?

Answer 44

Prevents conversion of iodide to iodine and in the periphery, it prevents conversion of T4 to T3