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Bioscience > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Exopthalmos is associated with:

  1. Hypothyroidism
  2. GH Excess
  3. Hyperthyroidism
  4. Hyperpituitarism
A

Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

All of the following derive from the adrenal cortex except:

  1. Tyrosine
  2. Aldosterone
  3. Cortisol
  4. Androgen
A

Tyrosine

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3
Q

Aldosterone acts on the kidneys and is used to regulate:

  1. Cholesterol
  2. Sodium Chloride
  3. Blood Pressue
  4. Urine production
A

Sodium Chloride

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4
Q

What is the precursor for all steroids?

A

Cholestorol

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT an androgenic/anabolic hormone:

  1. Androstenedione
  2. Testosterone
  3. Estradiol
  4. Progesterone
A

Progesterone

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6
Q

The adrenocorticotrophic is released by:

  1. The hypothalamus
  2. The anterior pituitary gland
  3. The adrenal cortex
  4. Cortisol
A

The anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

Which of the following does NOT influence the action potential for cortisol production:

  1. Infection
  2. Sleep
  3. Hypoglycemia
  4. Hemorrhage
A

Sleep (depresses cortisol levels)

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8
Q

Protein undergoes ________in relation to increased cortisol levels

  1. Anabolic
  2. Catabolic
A

Catabolic

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9
Q

Cortisol acts on DNA to promote enzymes that work on certain pathways:

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

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10
Q

Cortisol inhibits all of the following except:

  1. Cytokine
  2. Adhesion molecules
  3. Leukotrienes
  4. Lysosomal Enzymes
A

Lysosomal Enzymes…..Cortisol stabilizes it

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11
Q

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are

A

Pro-inflammatory molecules that mediate pain response

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12
Q

Cortisol generally increases migration of immune cells to site of infection and increases their ability to respond to inflammatory mediators

  1. True
  2. False
A

False

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13
Q

Addison’s and cushing’s syndrome are a result of:

A

adrenal insufficiency

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14
Q

What is aldosterone responsible for regulating

A

Sodium chloride levels

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15
Q

Addison’s disease is today most often associated with:

  1. AIDS
  2. auto-immune disease
  3. tuberculosis
  4. high blood pressure
A

auto-immune disease

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16
Q

Long term use of corticol steroids can be weight gain

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

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17
Q

Alpha cells produce:

  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
A

Glucagon

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18
Q

Insulin is associated with:

  1. Absorptive State
  2. Post Absorptive State
A

Absorptive State

19
Q

The brain is insulin dependent

  1. True
  2. False
A

False. It is glucose dependent. Only muscle and fat are insulin dependent to take up energy.

20
Q

In the absence of insulin, GLUT 4 transporters are mainly found in:

  1. The cytoplasm
  2. The cell membrane
A

The cytoplasm

21
Q

Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

22
Q

Insulin levels _______during exercise

  1. Increase
  2. Decrese
A

Decrease

23
Q

Which is the a long term indicator for blood glucose level:

  1. Fasting Plasma Glucose
  2. Oral glucose tolerance Test
  3. Hemoglobin A1C levels
A

Hemoglobin A1C levels

24
Q

Creates changes in neighboring cells by diffusion

  1. Autocrine cells
  2. Paracrine cells
A

Paracrine

25
Q

Usually synthesized as a prohormone and is packaged and stored in vesicles:

  1. Peptide hormone
  2. Steroid hormone
A

Peptide

26
Q

Release is not instantaneous and blood levels rise slowly is response:

  1. Peptide hormone
  2. Steroid hormone
A

Steroid

27
Q

Water insoluble so they circulate bound to a plasma protein

  1. Peptide hormone
  2. Steroid hormone
A

Steroid

28
Q

Camp and Ca+ are both second messengers for

  1. Peptide hormone
  2. Steroid hormone
A

Peptide hormone

29
Q

Biological effects on DNA to increase synthesis of protein

  1. Peptide hormone
  2. Steroid hormone
A

Steroid hormone

30
Q

ADH and Oxytocin are released from

  1. The anterior pituitary gland
  2. The posterior pituitary gland
A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

31
Q

Binding of oxytocine on receptors in myometrium causes

A

Uterine Contraction

32
Q

Increased plasma osmolarity and decreased plasma volume is the ________ of ADH

  1. Stimulus
  2. Response
A

Stimulus

33
Q

A secondary issue is involved with:

  1. Hypothalamus
  2. The anterior pituitary Gland
  3. The peripheral organ
A

anterior pituitary gland

34
Q

Usually due to a hormone secreting adenoma (functionl tumor)

  1. Hyperpituitarism
  2. Hypopertuitarism
A

Hyperpituitarism

35
Q

Turner’s syndrome is a genetic issue involving GH that leads to short stature

  1. True
  2. False
A

True

36
Q

Majority of GH is located in the Pancreas:

  1. True
  2. False
A

False- in the liver

37
Q

All of the following are effects of GH as a growth hormone except:

  1. Loss of muscle mass
  2. Weight Loss
  3. Artherosclerosis
A

Weight loss

38
Q

All of the following are conditions associated with congenital GH problems except

  1. Pituitary Dwarfism
  2. Gigantism
  3. Achondroplastic Dwarfism
  4. Acromegaly
A

Acromegaly - an acquired excess GH production

39
Q

Thyroid stores T3 and T4

  1. True
  2. False
A

False- it only stores thyroglobulin

40
Q

Which is more biologically active?

  1. T3
  2. T4
A

T3

41
Q

Cretinism is a congenital thyroid defect due to

  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Hypothyroidism
A

Hypothyroidism

42
Q

Goiter is a result of

  1. Hyperthyoridism
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Both
A

Both

43
Q

Grave’s disease is the _______result of hyperthyroidism

  1. primary
  2. secondary
A

primary

44
Q

What does propyl-thyracil do?

A

Prevents conversion of iodide to iodine and in the periphery, it prevents conversion of T4 to T3

Bioscience (6 decks)

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