religious upheaval

Question 1

the social impact of religious upheaval

Answer 1

1) huge amount of land was removed from the church + taken by the crown, should’ve made the king more powerful BUT henry sold the church + monastic property to fund the war= increased size + wealth of gentry
2) many monastic schools were lost= many lost access to education
3) monks + nuns were left unemployed, some monks got jobs as secular priests + others received pensions, nuns position= precarious
4) monasteries provided employment + business opportunities as well as education, some went to lengths to protect their monasteries e.g. at Hexham Northumberland, royal commissioners were prevented from starting dissolving the monasteries by armed men.
5) Many were scared that due to the reforms attacks on parish churches would happen

Question 2

Causes of the amicable grant 1525

Answer 2

-Raising of tax to pay for foreign wars was caused by Henry’s aggressive nature
-Strongest resistance occurred in Essex with 1000 people gathering at borders to resist the payment
-The money raised by the amicable grant was to fund the war with france

Question 3

Events of the rebellion

Answer 3

1) Earl of Essex reported that 1000 people had gathered at the essex-suffolk border to resist payment
2) Dukes Suffolk + Norfolk faced around 4000 taxation resistors, specifically unemployed cloth workers, who found it impossible to pay the levy
3) The king backed down + the dukes handled the matter
4) Wolsey begged the king to offer pardon to those seen as his Suffolk countrymen + treat the leaders leniently

Question 4

What did Henry learn from the rebellion?

Answer 4

That he couldn’t act in defiance of taxpayers: he used monastic finances to raise funds for war rather than going to the taxpayers

Question 5

Secular motives of the Lincolnshire Uprising + PoG 1536-1537

Answer 5

1) Ordinary rebels were motivated by economic grievances
2) The crown’s attempt to impose the duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire sparked a rebellion
3) Rebellions in 1536 were done by councillors who wanted the restoration of Princess Mary as their heir, they had supported Catherine of Aragon
4) The extension of the rebellion west of Pennines into Cumberland + Westmorland linked to tenants grievances.

Question 6

Religious motives of the Lincolnshire Uprising + PoG 1536-1537

Answer 6

1) Dissolution of the monasteries- it would have many effects that people found undesirable: loss of charitable + educational functions, possible loss of parish churches which were monastic properties, fear the north would grow impoverished by monastic land falling into the hands of southerners.
2) Fear for parish churches + traditional practice- the injunctions drawn up by Cromwell were seen as attacking traditional religious practices, celebrations of locally important saints were discouraged, discouragement of pilgrimage, parishes would be amalgamated+ churches plates + jewel would be confiscated

Question 7

Leader of the rebellion

Answer 7

Robert Aske- led PoG and devised its name, turned the varied movements into a cohesive whole

Question 8

Key events

Answer 8

-began in Lincolnshire oct 1536 spreading into Humber
-7 oct- Lincolnshire rebels go to Lincoln cathedral
-8 oct- PoG begins riding east of Yorkshire
-10 Oct- spreads west
-18 Oct- Lincolnshire uprising ends
-20 Oct- pontefract castle surrendered to rebels
-25 Oct- rebellion spreads to high Pennines + Lake District
-26 Oct- rebels meet Duke of Norfolk
-2 dec- pontefract articles created
-3 dec- royal proclamation offering rebels pardon.

Question 9

Pontefract articles

Answer 9

-a list of demands drafted up by Robert aske.
-24 demands in total with 9 being religious.
-Demanded a return of papal authority.
-Were economic, political and legal demands e.g. the end of enclosures + a parliament in the north

Question 10

Demands: a free parliament at york

Answer 10

-The rebels got leaders of the pilgrimage as members of the council of the north

Question 11

Demands: Restoration of monasteries

Answer 11

-In the 1540s he didn’t touch any of the monasteries in the north of england

Question 12

Demands: return to Catholicism

Answer 12

-Rebels got the main principles of Catholicism re-stated in the act of six articles.

Question 13

Demands: suppression of statute uses

Answer 13

-Statute of Wills passed in 1540 more firmly recognised the rights of landowners to dispose of their property.
-BUT didn’t prevent Henry from collecting feudal dues

Question 14

Demands: punishment of cromwell

Answer 14

-1540 Cromwell was removed from power

Question 15

Demands: restoration of Mary to the succession

Answer 15

Mary restored to succession in 1543