english society: regional issues

Question 1

Regional issues

Answer 1

England was divided by class + title but also regionally, w/ local loyalties often being stronger than national ones.
Measures were taken= unified state

Question 2

Wales

Answer 2

Before 1536 Wales= separate territory from england.
-Wales Act 1536- divided wales into shire counties, operated on the same basis as english counterparts: gave welsh shires direct representation in HoC
-Brought them into the same legal framework as england: meant wales was incorporated into england

Question 3

Cheshire + Lancashire Palatinate

Answer 3

Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown 1536- reduced level of independence enjoyed by the bishop

Question 4

Durham Palatinate

Answer 4

Separate jurisdiction from the rest of the UL
Palatinate jurisdiction being exercised by the bishop

Question 5

Council of the north

Answer 5

-Posed problems for govt to a regime far away from london: made up a large amount of supporters for the Pilgrimage of Grace
-Henry + Cromwell establishing the council as a permanent body

Question 6

Anglo-Welsh border

Answer 6

-Lands governed as part of principality of wales along w/ 4 bordering english courtiers: Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire + Gloucestershire- under the jurisdiction of wales + marches
-It offered cheap + local access to law.

Question 7

Scottish border

Answer 7

-Difficult to police due to it being remote + inhospitable during winter months.
-Had a representation for lawlessness
-To deal w/ these problems the border w/ scotland was split into 3 marches, each under jurisdiction of a warden.
-Appointing these posts= difficult for Henry: appointing a local noble family risked the noble exploiting office to enhance his power
OR
-Appoint local officers from gentry class e.g. Thomas Lord Wharton, only recently raised to peerage or outsiders: these groups= likely to be loyal BUT had limited ability to influence conduct of local people