Religious Change - Protestant Influences and growth Flashcards
What Protestant influences existed before 1527? (3 things)
- Lollards attacked Church for corruption and promoted English Bible - They were dealt with but their ideas remained.
- Clergy criticised for morality - meant to be celibate but many had illegitimate children
- Before 1529 criticisms of the Church didn’t link to reform. Evidence of anti clerical feelings e.g Hunne Case but reformation was not obvious
What were influences in the 1520s? (3 things)
- Actions of Martin Luther in 1519 led to movement known as Protestantism
- Luthers ideas arrived in England in printed books, Lutherans were executed and books burnt
- Cambridge academics inspired by Luther and believed the Bible should be available for all. Also challenged papal power.
What was the role of Anne Boleyn in the development of Protestantism ? (5 things)
- Influential in court and held reformist views
- Influenced Henry ‘behind the scenes’
- Interested in Bible had her own French copy (illegal)
- Used influence in court her and her father helped Cranmer rise.
- she employed 3 men who held reformist views and Henry promoted all 3 to Bishoprics
What was the development of Protestant influences from 1527-47? (4 points)
What developed it and caused it?
- break from Rome influenced
- Reformist sympathisers such as Cranmer and Cromwell vital in allowing Henry to get annulment as they encouraged views against Pope in England
- Cromwell shaped ‘royal supremacy and pushed Church to Protestant directions
- Reformer beliefs spread to counties like Kent and Essex
However protestants still remained as a 1/5 of population and fall of Cromwell led to clampdown on religion where radicals were burnt- Other than London protestantism was very rare.
What religious change happened under Edward VI? (3 things)
- Moved Church into much more Protestant direction
- Series of Injunctions made by Cranmer to remove all th e remaining Catholic practices in Parish churches.
- Conservative acts such as the Act of 6 Articles which were made by henry were repealed.
Give 2 ways in which Mary (1553-8) Changed religion and what were the consequences?
Very strong Catholic faith, determined to restore English Church
- She married Phillip ( Charles V’s son) and imprisoned Prominent protestants such as Cranmer
- Marrying Phillip didnt work as she thought theyd all convert back quickly but this led to Wyatts rebellion 1554
- She also burnt nearly 300 Protestants from 1556-1558 and sent 800 into exile, It seemed that if she lived, Catholicism would have also lived.
Give 2 ways in which England moved towards Protestantism under Edward VI>
Under rule of the dukes of Somerset and Norfolk from 1547, the appearance of doctrine changed completely.
1) Ended Act of six articles and book censorship laws so then hundreds of Protestant books published
2) This led to development of radical thinkers who had ben exiled from their own countries and led lectures etc
What was response to Edward’s (duke of Norfolk and Somerset) changes?
Uprising in west in 1549 although after this, there was little unrest until Mary took the rule.
At the end of Edwards reign was the population mostly Protestant?
Nah 40% of sussex were catholic and it survived in regions and North
What is Puritanism ?
Give 4 details about it and their aims
Radical protestants who wanted a ‘pure’ life. Emerged under Elizabeth mainly from the group who had gone into Exile under Mary and were influenced whilst abroad.
They thought Elizabeths religious settlement was a starting point for religion
- Many were prepared to work within Church to refrm it.
What was the role of Calvinists?
They influenced the Puritans as Puritans liked their idea that there should be no archbishops and bishops in the church structure.
How did Puritanism develop during Elizabeths reign?
3 points
- Through debates in Church and Convocation.
- Through Parliament: Idea of a Puritan choir in parliament.
- Thomas Cartwright and John Field, gave lectures etc to infuence people to change how they preach etc.
How did the government/Elizabeth respond to Puritans?
3 points
- She needed Protestant support to back her incase of potential invasion or rebellion so she allowed the 39 articles to be made law in 1571
- Had people in parliament such as Christopher Hatton who discouraged debates on religion
- John Whitgift tightened controls on Puritan clergy with introduction of three articles, 1583
Why did Puritans fail in the end?
- Hard to defeat as they were among her own nobility and were very determined.
- They were not a united force, shown as Puritans such a
- Elizabeth dealt with the problems (she allowed the 39 articles to be made law in 1571/Had people in parliament such as Christopher Hatton who discouraged debates on religion)
- Not significant as in truth there was no Puritan choir and they were a very small minority who did not change much
- By 1589 many leading supporters of Puritanism had died such as the Earls of Leicester and Warwick
Why was Puritanism significant
3 points
1) Influenced protestant ideas e.g. caused 38 ppl to complain about lack of preaching
2) Also influenced the production of cheap protestant materials such as the old english Bible, also caused more catechisms (bible 4 poor ppl) to be produced making Protestantism very accessible.
3) Was potential threat as people such as thomas cartwright preached and held talks at university
