Crisis in government under Elizabeth: WAR (SPAIN AND IRELAND)

Question 1

ANGLO-IRISH:
How was Ireland run?
Why was Ireland a threat?
3 points

Answer 1

1) England controlled Dublin and area around it with a Lord Lieutenant (area called the Pale)
2) Areas outside of pale complex and controlled by Anglo-Irish nobility who had private armies
3) Ireland was mainly Catholic despite reformation, so threat of rebellion was high and there was a threat tht Spain could use them

Question 2

ANGLO-IRISH:

Who was Tyrone?

Answer 2

• Tyrone was brought up in Englan dmoved to Ireland and owned ‘Ulster’ (area of land) he felt growing numbers of Protestant colonies threatened him so asked Elizabeth if he could rule all of Ulster but she said no.

Question 3

ANGLO-IRISH:

Outline main events of Tyrone’s revolt

Answer 3

1595-1603
Began as Spanish captains could help train his men
1595: Led army of 6000 rebelling and it spread
1598: His army won battle of Yellow Ford
1599: Response was Elizabeth sent largest army led by Essex but this failed and he did nothing but march and make a truce with tyrone
1600: Tyrone stuck to truce but it expired in 1600 and he marched south - Essex was replaced by Lord Mountjoy who demolished but Spanish backup came in 1601. Mountjoy sieged Spanish and Tyrone escaped but he stopped him in 1602.

Question 4

ANGLO-IRISH:
Conclude the extent of threat?
and why there was a threat

Answer 4

• quite a large extent a Elizabeth had widespread resources. 10 years of war in new world, netherlands and spain as well as rance. This is why she failed to send troops but when she did the threat subsided
• Also threat due to religious reform Spain could invade thru ireland

Question 5

ANGLO-SPANISH:

What were the causes of the anglo-spanish conflict (1589-1603)

Answer 5

CAUSES:
a) Henry IV becomes king of france in 1589 (he is protestant) so then French Catholic league make truce with Phillip II of Spain who decides to aid league as he wants control of france (meaning he would surround england)

Question 6

ANGLO-SPANISH:

Outline main events of Anglo-Spanish conflict?

Answer 6

1585: War starts `Elizabeth sends troops to aid Dutch rebels
1588: First Spanish Armada defeated
1590: Phillip begins attacking France on both sides
(netherlands) Elizabeth had to help so sends £35k in 1589
English intervention was costly but decreased Spanish domination of Europe.
1595: Henry IV defeats French Catholic league and declares war on Spain
1598: Spain and France form peace treaty w/out england
England begin attacking, Elizabeth begins attacking Spanish interests in the New world 400k worth treasure stolen
1601: Spain send troops to Ireland to aid tyrone but they are besieged

Question 7

ANGLO-SPANISH:
What was a joint stock approach to war?
What were the consequences of using this approach?

Answer 7

• Wars funded by joint stock enterprises meaning they mainly focussed on profit. This happened due to governments stretched resources.
• Due to this, there was lack of discipline, of 400k stolen 100k lost to personal profit

Question 8

ANGLO-SPANISH:

Conclude the extent of threat posed by Anglo-Spanish conflicts?

Answer 8

• Under threat of invasion from 1595-1601: Due to first Spanish Armada defeat, Spain recovered and became stronger from then-1595
• Closest Spain got was in Ireland 1601 but this did fail. Overall the invasion failed e.g. In Netherlands, Spanish troops mutinied and Spain went bankrupt in 1596.
  Conclusion: Threat was large however in hindsight it failed to become reality. POTENTIAL not REAL