Monarchy and Government - Personal qualities and challenges to the tudor monarchy Flashcards
What were the personal qualities of Henry VIII? (4 points)
- Smart well educated could speak multiple languages and was not brought up to be a king as older brother Arthur was meant to be king
- Inspired by Henry V (renaissance prince won many wars against french)
- However Henry was careless towards war and only won one war.
- He was greedy and wasteful - (raised tax many times to get money for wars with france)
What were popular attitudes towards Henry VIII in early reign? (rebellions hus reactions etc) (5 points)
- People would force King’s out as they respected MONARCHY.
- Rebellions happened Henry reacted to Lincolnshire rebels of 1536 by saying it was an act against God and that God chose him
- People respected Henry and normally rebelled against his privy chamber and not him (When Wolsey tried to raise tax)
- He travelled to areas where rebellions occurred to impress or intimidate rebels
- He was well liked, when things went wrong he wasnt blamed.
Challenges to tudor monarchy - How strong was their claim to the throne in 1509? (4 points)
- Henry VIII succeeded his father peacefully but the claim to the throne was still weak as they were a new dynasty
- Henry claimed throne by winning Battle of Bosworth
- He had many challenges from rivals who thought he shouldn’t be king (Yorkist house e.g. Edward Stafford)
- He enhanced claim to throne through international alliances including marrying Catherine of Aragon (spain)
Challenges to Tudor monarchy - Why did henry VIII need an heir?
He needed one to secure the dynasty and make sure someone would take the throne:
What year did Henry VIII take the throne?
1509
Challenges to tudor monarchy - What was the role of factions at Tudor court? (3 points)
- Monarchs had personal control of government so only route to power was to gain access to ruler -> factions form
- Often formed on religious grounds
- Competing factions tried to influence henry by putting supporters in positions like Privy Chamber.
Challenges to tudor monarchy - How did Henry VIII deal with the role of factions?
balanced competing groups and played them off against each other.
What was Henry VIII’s will for Edward? (5 points)
- 16 ppl would rule on behalf of his son (December 1546)
- January 1547, political maneuverings occurred to Earl of Hertford could control Edwards place:
- Will changed gave regency council full power/authority
- Henrys death secret so negotiations took place for custody of Edward.
- Regency council chose Earl of Hertford as his protector
Outline Henry VIII’s search for an heir (4 points)
- First wife Katherine of Aragon - series of miscarriages and infant deaths, so he annulled the married.
- Married Anne Boleyn in 1533 but she gave birth to a girl and had many miscarriages
- Anne was executed and Henry married Jane Seymour who gave birth to Henry’s only surviving son (Edward VI)
- No male children after Edward
What happened with Edward regarding his issue of succession?
- He was sick and originally planned to marry and have a child but made the ‘device for succession’ in 1553 which states that Lady Jane would be his successor
- Duke of Northumberland allegedly influenced his device of succession heavily
What were strengths and weaknesses of Henry?
- Intelligent, good w people visited them when there was unrest
- Had won support peacefully
Used propaganda successfully
Was educated and cultured and dealt with factions well.
WEAKNESSES: - Impulsive and often overpowered by his ideas
- Careless when dealing with money and war. He wasted all the disolution money
- forceful and cruel
- originally didnt use parliament well
Strengths and weaknesses of Edward VI?
Strengths:
1) Extremely intelligent and good focus on defence
- Had potential to become good leader
Weakness:
- Too young only 9 so easily influenced and not taken seriouus
Strengths and weaknesses of Mary?
Strengths:
- clarity of thought
Weakness:
- Major issue as she was far too harsh (bloody mary)
- Was too stubborn and married Phillip II which was a mistake
- Reunited england w rome killed 300 between 1556-58 and exiled 800
- WAS A WOMAN
Strengths and weaknesses of Elizabth?
Strengths:
- Was a politique(focussed on national unity)
- Was flexible w religion
- Helped culture to blossom e.g. opened skl due to her views on church
WEAKNESS:
- Too cautious
- Not rigi enough far too flexible
- Dealt with succession badly (virgin however she did this cos if she married she may have become second in power)
