RELIGIONS Flashcards
Founder of Christianity
- Jesus Christ (2,000 yrs ago)
Sacred text of Christianity
- Bible (Old and New Testament)
Doctrine of Christianity (4)
- Holy Trinity, Virgin Birth, Resurrection, Last Judgment
God of Christianity
- Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
Place of Worship of Christianity
- Church
Sacred Place of Christianity
- Jerusalem/Israel
Biggest religion with 2.2 billion followers
- Christianity
What are the major beliefs and principles of Christianity? (6)
- Jesus Christ as the Messiah (Christians believe that Jesus is the Anointed Savior of the World)
- Virgin Birth of Jesus (Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and was born to Virgin Mary in Bethlehem)
- Death and Resurrection
- Salvation (freedom from eternal damnation or hell)
- Judgment Day (Christians believe that Jesus return on Judgment day to fulfill the rest of the old testament prophecies)
- Trinitarian Doctrine
What are the different churches, but all Christians?
- Roman Catholic
- The Church of England
- Greek Orthodox Church
- Protestant/Protestante
- Babtist
- Born Again Christians
The ___ is a collection of sacred books written by ancient prophets and historians.
- bible
Founder of Judaism
- Abraham (2,000 B.C) and/or Moses (1391-1271)
Sacred texts of Judaism
- Torah, Pentateuch, Poetry, Talmud, Misnah
God of Judaism
- Yahweh/Jehovah
Sacred place of Judaism
- Temple and Synagogue
Doctrines of Judaism
- Ten Commandments and 618 rulers
Core belief of Judaism
- belief of God as the one and only God; that the Torah is the most important Jewish text and established by Abraham.
Similarities of Torah and Bible
- Genesis = Be-reshit
- Exodus = Shemot
- Leviticus = Va-yakra
- Numbers = Be-midbar
- Deuteronomy = Devarim
Jewish Traditions:
- Sabbath (a weekly day devoted to God through religious activities and considered as most important Jewish holiday (Saturday))
- Rosh Hashanah and Yow Kippur (a period of self-examination and resolution)
- Succoth (eight-day period of rejoicing on which temporary booths covered with the branches)
- Shemini Atzaret (final day of Succoth but different celebration, usually marked as festival meal)
- Purim (commemorates the saving from massacre of Jewish community under Persian rulers)
- Shavuot (two day celebration to commemorate God’s gift of Torah to the Jews at Mount Sinai)
- Tisha B’Av (the ninth day of the month of AV is the final day of the three weeks of mourning the destruction of the Holy Temple)
Founder of Buddhism
- Siddhartha Gautama (2,500 y.o) (prophesized to bring about a Great kingdom or become a Great King)
- Son of a King
- He left his kingdom
- Tree of life - meditation
How many followers does Buddhism have?
- 350 million buddhist
Four sights of Gautama
- Sick man
- Old man
- Corpse
- Holy man
Four Noble Truths in Buddhism
- suffering exists
- suffering arises from craving/desire
- eliminating craving/desire reduces suffering
- the way to eliminate craving and suffering is by following the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
- Right understanding (understanding of the true nature of things specially knowledge of the Buddhist practices)
- Right intention (cultivating thoughts and motives that are pure and not selfish)
- Right speech (speaking honestly and kindly; avoiding lies, exaggeration, harsh words, and expressions that hurt people)
- Right action (doing actions that do not hur people and animals, which include not stealing and engaging in sexual conduct.)
- Right work (pursuing a means of livelihood that does not harm oneself, other people, and animals)
- Right effort (improving oneself while avoiding extremes or observing moderation or the middle way)
- Right meditation (focusing one’s energies on the right and positive things)
- Right contemplation (cultivating mental state or thoughts that bring inner peace)
Second most popular religion in the world with over a thousand million followers or 1.9 billion
- Islam
Countries with the largest Muslim population
- Indonesia (241.5 million)
- Pakistan (225.6 million)
- India (211.16 million)
What are the followers of Islam called?
Muslims
Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in Arabic is known as ___
- Allah
Islam teaches that Allah’s word was revealed to the prophet _____ through the angel Gabriel
- Muhammad
Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the ____
- Qur’an
Two major Muslim holidays
- Eid al-Adha (celebrates the Prophet Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son for Allah)
- Eid al-Fitr (marks the end of Ramadan–the Islamic holy month of fasting)
____ is a holy month of fasting. Celebrated as the month during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of the Qur’an.
- Ramadan
World’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years.
- Hinduism
Origin of Hinduism
- Northern India, near the river Indus, about 4000 years ago.
World’s third most popular religion, with 750 million followers
- Hinduism
- Nepal, India, Mauritius
Hinduism is often referred to as ______ _____
- Sanatana Dharma, a Sanskrit phrase meaning “the eternal law”
Founder of Hinduism
- no founder, rather it developed out of Brahminism
Hindus believe in a universal soul or God called ____
- Brahman
____ is sometimes considered a deity, the ultimate reality that makes all things. However it can be considered the supreme force, like the universe.
- Brahman
Trinity of Hindu Gods
- Bramah (the creator)
- Vishnu (the preserver)
- Shiva (the destroyer)
Hindus believe that there is a part of Brahman in everyone and this is called the ____
- Atman (eternal soul)
A belief that the soul is eternal and lives many lifetimes, in one body after another.
- Reincarnation