MODULE 3: Human Biocultural and Sociopolitical Evolution (CULTURAL EVOLUTION) Flashcards
what is CULTURAL EVOLUTION?
- refers to changes or development in cultures from simple form to a more complex form of human nature
how does CULTURAL EVOLUTION happens?
- result of human adaptation to different factors
- examples are climatic changes and population increase
what are the four (4) LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT?
- Hunting and Gathering Societies
- Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
- Agricultural Societies
- Industrial Societies
- Post Industrial Societies
what are produced in HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES?
- simple forms of tools
what are these simple forms of tools used for?
- hunt animals and gather plants and vegetation for food
where do HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES rely on?
- nature for their food
what do HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES do frequently?
- they frequently move and did not have permanent settlements
what are they called?
- nomadic societies
what are HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES described?
- semisedentary societies
why are HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES described as SEMISEDENTARY SOCIETIES?
- because they do not frequently move for food to survive
what do HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES grow?
- they grow crops with simple tools
what are the principal means of subsistence of PASTORAL SOCIETIES?
- animal domestication
what are PASTORAL SOCIETIES based on?
- resources provided by their animals
what do PASTORAL SOCIETIES raise?
- they raise livestock
what do AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES started to cultivate?
- wheat
- barley
- peas
- rice
- millet
what do humans in AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES began to do?
- farm and domesticate animals as form of subsistence
what are the things that happened in INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES?
- new sources of energy were harnessed
- advanced forms of technology were applied
- types of machinery were invented
what did these changes led to in INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES?
- these changes led to industrialization of the transformation of agricultural society into production and manufacturing
what are the development in POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES?
- development of information technology and computers
what did this development made to societies?
- transformed them into POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
what do POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES feature?
- information technology and service jobs
what is important in POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES?
- higher education is ESPECIALLY important for economic success
what are the things that make a CIVILIZATION develop?
- highly advanced level of culture
- social organization
- political developments
- the judicial system
- arts
- another form of culture at a particular time
