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hist > Religion, Technology And a New Approach > Flashcards

Religion, Technology And a New Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What was Marcel Duchamps view on art

A

I’m an artist, whatever I do is art. even a urinal/fountain

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2
Q

What are the two major approaches to historiography

A

internal and external

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3
Q

Define the internal approach to historiography

A

old approach. Scientists make discoveries without being influenced by social/external factors

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4
Q

Define the external approach to historiography

A

new approach. External social factors shape development of science/technology, no inborn genius or independent idea

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5
Q

What approach did Thomas Kuhn have towards the origins of modern science/technology? what book did he write?

A
  • Internal approach
  • Argued of no single revolution, small revolutions or “paradigm shifts”
  • “The structure of scientific revolutions”
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6
Q

What was thomas kuhns order of flow of paradigm shifts

A

established science - normal science (puzzle solving process) - novelty/anomaly - crisis in established science - emergence of new paradigm - new normal science

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7
Q

What are two issues with Thomas Kuhn’s order of flow of paradigm shifts

A
  • works for early part of scientific revolution, but no later
  • Two established sciences can coexist even if they contradict (newton vs Einstein)
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8
Q

What approach did Robert Merton have towards the origins of modern science/technology? what work did he write?

A
  • External approach
  • scientific revolution caused by religion
  • “puritanism and the Rise of Modern Science”
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9
Q

What did Robert Merton argue regarding protestantism and catholicism and science?

A
  • protestants used science to make profits, catholics did not
  • in protestantism being wealthy was valued
  • in catholicism being poor was valued, jesus was poor
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10
Q

What approach did Edgar Zilsel have towards the origins of modern science/tech. what word did he write?

A
  • External
  • S.R started by craftsmen, like John Harrison
  • ” the social origins of modern science”
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11
Q

What did Edgar Zilsel argue about craftsmen and the SR

A

Craftsmen started the SR

  1. Theory - how machines work
  2. experimentation - trial and error observation
  3. actual work/interaction with devices
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12
Q

What approach did Harold A. Innis have towards the origins of modern science and tech. what work did he write?

A

External
SR free access to knowledge/comms
“empire and communications”

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13
Q

What did Harold A innis argue was the catalys for access to knowledge and communication

A

Gutenberg printing press

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14
Q

Who were th “gate keepers” according to Harold A innis? why?

A

The catholic church. the would allow or disallow publications of texts

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15
Q

What approach did Herbert Butterfield have towards the origins of modern science and tech. what work did he write?

A
  • internal
  • said that medieval ages were falsely labeled as periods of decline
  • “the origins of modern science”
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16
Q

what was Herbert Butterfields Primary Interest

A
  • physics
17
Q

What was herbert butterfields opinion on Nazi Germany? what repercussions did this have?

A
  • punished too hard, allies in wrong. He was seen as a sympathizer
18
Q

What marked the start of the S.R

A 
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
by capernicus (heliocentrism)
19
Q

Who was Nicolaus Copernicus and why was he important

A

Improved on Ptolemy’s heliocentric model. Started S.R

20
Q

What was significant about Richard of Wallingford

A

invented astronomical clock. The universe acts as a machine

21
Q

What was Nicholas Oresmes/desme view on clocks

A

god is the supreme watch maker

22
Q

What did Galileo oppose and promote so openly

A

opposed Aristotle supported heliocentrism

23
Q

What did galileo disprove about ancience scinces view of planets

A

disproved platos theory that planets were perfect spheres

24
Q

What did galileo publish in 1610? what systems did this book go against? what did it support?

A

Starry Messanger, against aristotlian and Ptolemy

25
Q

why was galileo never killed for heresy

A

close friend became pope

26
Q

What did galileo publish in 1632?

A

Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems

27
Q

What eventually happened to galileo for his heresey?

A

died in house arrest

28
Q

What was galileos prof that the earth is moving around the sun?

A

saw that venus had phases. posidinius who discovered the moon orbits the earth by its phases

hist (13 decks)

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