Engineering Under Roman Empire

Question 1

who was Rome founded by

Answer 1

Romulus

Question 2

what wre the three forms of rome as a nation in order

Answer 2

1 roman kingdom
2 roman republic
3 roman empire

Question 3

how did the roman republic end

Answer 3

Julius Caesar walked his army into rome without right of triumph

Question 4

what is right of triumph

Answer 4

an allowance to march your army through rome if you were successful in battle, meant to bring the soldiers down

Question 5

who was the first emperor of rome

Answer 5

augustus caeser

Question 6

what was the phalanx system

Answer 6

a technological strategic roman army system adopted from the greeks

Question 7

what did the romans adopt after the phalanx system making the phalanx obsolete

Answer 7

the 4 line system, 4 liens is a legion

Question 8

what did the 4 line system compose of

Answer 8

1. velites, 12000, youngest, sheildmen
2. hestati, 1200, small shield short spears
3. principes 1200 strong big tough heavy armour
4. triarii 600 veterans, best armour last resort, needed to be rich to afford armour

Question 9

what was the benefit of the 4 line system

Answer 9

constantly exposed to fresh troops, unlimited supply of troops from multiple alliances helped this

Question 10

what were the reforms of marius

Answer 10

landless and poor could enter the army, get paid, receive land after 25 years in service

Question 11

what backfried about he reforms of marius

Answer 11

eventually had to give out much more land than they expected to. this is why romans expanded as vastly as they did

Question 12

what is a castra

Answer 12

a storm fort for each legion, permanent and built once a year for each legion, all were standardized

Question 13

what was all within a castra

Answer 13

running water, tower/castle, factory , veterinary stands, private and public baths

Question 14

what is significant about the discovery of vindolanda writing tablets

Answer 14

proved vast communication networks in roman times with discovery of standardized envelopes and mail

Question 15

how large was the road network of the romans

Answer 15

over 80,000 km of road

Question 16

why was the road system so vast

Answer 16

army/social control, paid military to keep them busy during times of peace

Question 17

what was a groma

Answer 17

roman surveying instrument to make straight lines and right angles

Question 18

what were the 6 layers of a roman road

Answer 18

1. pavimentum (compacted sand or dry earth)
2. statumen (crushed rock)
3. rudus (cemented large gravel)
4. nucleus ( semmented sand and small gravel)
5. summum dorsum (large stone slabs)
6. Fossa - trench 1.5 m deep

Question 19

what was the dug out called for the roads and how deep was it

Answer 19

fossa. 1.5 m deep

Question 20

what was located every 15 miles along roman roads

Answer 20

milestone, told who built it and when

Question 21

what was the millarium aureum

Answer 21

golden milestone. gives directions to another city in roman empire from rome

Question 22

what main support did romans initially use in their architecture

Answer 22

cement

Question 23

what were the three architectural orders

Answer 23

1. doric - greek, simple, cheap, hollow, multiple pieces
2. ionic, most common, heavy ornamentation, carved from marble
3. Corinthian - emperors or government structures

Question 24

how was the upkeep of the city of rome paid for

Answer 24

funded by rich magistrates to show prestige

Question 25

what is the glaian theater, also what is it incorrectly known as

Answer 25

known as colosseum. Games were held there

Question 26

what is the story of colossus of nero

Answer 26

• nero not well liked

statue head replaced after each new emperor

Question 27

why was the Flavian theatre built

Answer 27

built over neros lake. Nero used public money to fund villa. A sort of reclaiming

Question 28

what are three things that must be provided in order for the public to remain happy

Answer 28

food, job security, and entertainment

Question 29

what were the two reasons christians were awful in the eyes of the romans

Answer 29

didn’t pay taxes and romans thought they were cannibals

Question 30

what was the circus maximus

Answer 30

largest public structure to date, chariot races, paid by private emperor money

Question 31

what would the romans use instead of toilet paper

Answer 31

sponge on a stick

Question 32

what was the problem with the plumbing system in rome

Answer 32

led pipes

Question 33

how did western roman empire end

Answer 33

Constantine had dream that god would help him win in battle, moved capital to Constantinople
sacked by visigoths. marble burned after to get bronze

Question 34

who was the stinking venus

Answer 34

venus cloacina