Engineering Under Roman Empire Flashcards
who was Rome founded by
Romulus
what wre the three forms of rome as a nation in order
1 roman kingdom
2 roman republic
3 roman empire
how did the roman republic end
Julius Caesar walked his army into rome without right of triumph
what is right of triumph
an allowance to march your army through rome if you were successful in battle, meant to bring the soldiers down
who was the first emperor of rome
augustus caeser
what was the phalanx system
a technological strategic roman army system adopted from the greeks
what did the romans adopt after the phalanx system making the phalanx obsolete
the 4 line system, 4 liens is a legion
what did the 4 line system compose of
- velites, 12000, youngest, sheildmen
- hestati, 1200, small shield short spears
- principes 1200 strong big tough heavy armour
- triarii 600 veterans, best armour last resort, needed to be rich to afford armour
what was the benefit of the 4 line system
constantly exposed to fresh troops, unlimited supply of troops from multiple alliances helped this
what were the reforms of marius
landless and poor could enter the army, get paid, receive land after 25 years in service
what backfried about he reforms of marius
eventually had to give out much more land than they expected to. this is why romans expanded as vastly as they did
what is a castra
a storm fort for each legion, permanent and built once a year for each legion, all were standardized
what was all within a castra
running water, tower/castle, factory , veterinary stands, private and public baths
what is significant about the discovery of vindolanda writing tablets
proved vast communication networks in roman times with discovery of standardized envelopes and mail
how large was the road network of the romans
over 80,000 km of road
why was the road system so vast
army/social control, paid military to keep them busy during times of peace
what was a groma
roman surveying instrument to make straight lines and right angles
what were the 6 layers of a roman road
- pavimentum (compacted sand or dry earth)
- statumen (crushed rock)
- rudus (cemented large gravel)
- nucleus ( semmented sand and small gravel)
- summum dorsum (large stone slabs)
- Fossa - trench 1.5 m deep
what was the dug out called for the roads and how deep was it
fossa. 1.5 m deep
what was located every 15 miles along roman roads
milestone, told who built it and when
what was the millarium aureum
golden milestone. gives directions to another city in roman empire from rome
what main support did romans initially use in their architecture
cement
what were the three architectural orders
- doric - greek, simple, cheap, hollow, multiple pieces
- ionic, most common, heavy ornamentation, carved from marble
- Corinthian - emperors or government structures
how was the upkeep of the city of rome paid for
funded by rich magistrates to show prestige
what is the glaian theater, also what is it incorrectly known as
known as colosseum. Games were held there
what is the story of colossus of nero
- nero not well liked
statue head replaced after each new emperor
why was the Flavian theatre built
built over neros lake. Nero used public money to fund villa. A sort of reclaiming
what are three things that must be provided in order for the public to remain happy
food, job security, and entertainment
what were the two reasons christians were awful in the eyes of the romans
didn’t pay taxes and romans thought they were cannibals
what was the circus maximus
largest public structure to date, chariot races, paid by private emperor money
what would the romans use instead of toilet paper
sponge on a stick
what was the problem with the plumbing system in rome
led pipes
how did western roman empire end
Constantine had dream that god would help him win in battle, moved capital to Constantinople
sacked by visigoths. marble burned after to get bronze
who was the stinking venus
venus cloacina
