From Experimemation to Utility - Industrial Revolution Flashcards
When was the first time arts and tech came together under one roof
Crystal palace, great exhibition of 1851
what considered to be the first steam engine and who was it invented by?
Heron of Alexandrias first jet/steam turbine
What was the steam engine a solution to? what was it not invented for, contrary to popular belief?
people running out of wood, switched to coal. Coal had to be mined and needed a pump to remove water
who is credited with the first “steam engine”? was it a success?
Thomas Savery. Tech failure, but commercial success. Anyone who made a steam engine afterwards had to pay savery
Who was Edward Marquise of Worcester
Actual inventor of steam engine
What was the IR incorrectly thought to be powered by? what is the correct answer?
incorrect: steam engine
correct: vacuum pump
Who was Denis Papin and what did he create? what did it resemble? was it functional?
French scientist who came to London and created piston steam engine. Resembled Heron’s Vacuum pump. Was functional, could lift gigantic weights
Who was the first to conceptualize a steamboat?
Denis Papin
What was the social network regarding papin before 1691?
papin - robert boyle - robert hook - royal society
what was papins relationship to robert boyle? what did boyle take credit for?
papin assistant to boyle. boyle took credit for papins vacuum pump
what was the social network regarding papin after 1691?
boyle died
what was hookes relationship to boyle
hooke was assistant to boyle
what was hookes title within the RS
curator of experiments
what happened when hooke died?
Newton becomes head of RS
what was newtons first dead as head of Rs
destroy hookes work
how much money did papin propose for a steamboat, what is the equivalent today? how did the rs respone?
15 dollars equivalent to 15 000 dollars. RS said no because newtons a bitch . told him to try simpler experiments first to prove it worked
what was the intent of saverys letter to the rs regarding papin
to downplay papin, call him a crook for copying him.
what was the fault of savery’s complaint
saverys patent for land, papin for water
what happened to papin at the end of his life?
died homeless. Later got 10 pounds from RS for invention of pressure cooker
What did Thomas Newcomen do?
Modified Papins engine
How did James watt come into the picture
newcommen model breaks at glasgow university. James watt was the tech at the uni
what did james watt do?
discovered heat loss from condensation taking place directly in cylinder. added external condenser. Made double newcomen model.
who was matthew boulton
- part of the lunar society
- supplied metal to james watt’s ornament shop
- started soho factory with james watt to manufacture steam engines, needed better precision
- cannon tech
Who was John wilkinson
- created cannon boring machine
- very precise, could use for piston and cylinders to improve watts steam engine
what happened in 1721 that led to the rise of factories and downfall of the putting out system
machines too large, had to move into buildings (factories)
who was James Pickard
james pickard had patent for crank and flywheel. james watt cheated him out of his patent money
where was the first modern factory located? how was it powered?
Silk mill in Derby. Powered by water
Who was Richard Arkwright
- owned comford mill
- became extremely rich by using steam engine sold to him by james watt
who was marc brunel
- Portsmouth Block mills
- automated production/assembly
who was joseph paxton? what did he build?
- gardener
- built greenhouses
- designed the crystal palace
how many people visited the great exhibition?
6 million
how did crystal palace get destroyed?
burned down
What was joseph niepce and what did he invent?
- French inventor
- bitumen + turpentine = photosensitity
- first photograph
- process called heliography
- RS “lost” notes and photographs
Who is Louis Dagueere
Niepce died, daguerre patented his process called it “daguerrotype”
-First photo called boulevard du temple
What were two issues with heliography?
needed lots of light, couldn’t reproduce
Who was Frederick Scott Archer? what did he come up with?
british sculptor
- made 3d printer/scanner
- new type of photography, collodion process -> duplicable, more detail
- did not patent, died in poverty
What is collodian and what is albumen
collodian was the negative and albumen was the positive print
What did collodian process allow for
Excellent tonal range
-very light sensitive
Who was Andre Disderi
patented the Carte-de-visite
- most popular way to make portraits
- type of small photograph
What did collodion dry plate cameras allow for?
Outdoor photography, portable
what was the first roll-film camera and who made it?
- george eastman
- kodak
- faster to take photos
what was the microdot
german spy camera
who made the first digital camera?
Kodak, aquired by apple. Microprocessor tech by kodak
What was the first photograph?
View from Window at Le Gras by Joseph Niepce
