From Experimemation to Utility - Industrial Revolution

Question 1

When was the first time arts and tech came together under one roof

Answer 1

Crystal palace, great exhibition of 1851

Question 2

what considered to be the first steam engine and who was it invented by?

Answer 2

Heron of Alexandrias first jet/steam turbine

Question 3

What was the steam engine a solution to? what was it not invented for, contrary to popular belief?

Answer 3

people running out of wood, switched to coal. Coal had to be mined and needed a pump to remove water

Question 4

who is credited with the first “steam engine”? was it a success?

Answer 4

Thomas Savery. Tech failure, but commercial success. Anyone who made a steam engine afterwards had to pay savery

Question 5

Who was Edward Marquise of Worcester

Answer 5

Actual inventor of steam engine

Question 6

What was the IR incorrectly thought to be powered by? what is the correct answer?

Answer 6

incorrect: steam engine
correct: vacuum pump

Question 7

Who was Denis Papin and what did he create? what did it resemble? was it functional?

Answer 7

French scientist who came to London and created piston steam engine. Resembled Heron’s Vacuum pump. Was functional, could lift gigantic weights

Question 8

Who was the first to conceptualize a steamboat?

Answer 8

Denis Papin

Question 9

What was the social network regarding papin before 1691?

Answer 9

papin - robert boyle - robert hook - royal society

Question 10

what was papins relationship to robert boyle? what did boyle take credit for?

Answer 10

papin assistant to boyle. boyle took credit for papins vacuum pump

Question 11

what was the social network regarding papin after 1691?

Answer 11

boyle died

Question 12

what was hookes relationship to boyle

Answer 12

hooke was assistant to boyle

Question 13

what was hookes title within the RS

Answer 13

curator of experiments

Question 14

what happened when hooke died?

Answer 14

Newton becomes head of RS

Question 15

what was newtons first dead as head of Rs

Answer 15

destroy hookes work

Question 16

how much money did papin propose for a steamboat, what is the equivalent today? how did the rs respone?

Answer 16

15 dollars equivalent to 15 000 dollars. RS said no because newtons a bitch . told him to try simpler experiments first to prove it worked

Question 17

what was the intent of saverys letter to the rs regarding papin

Answer 17

to downplay papin, call him a crook for copying him.

Question 18

what was the fault of savery’s complaint

Answer 18

saverys patent for land, papin for water

Question 19

what happened to papin at the end of his life?

Answer 19

died homeless. Later got 10 pounds from RS for invention of pressure cooker

Question 20

What did Thomas Newcomen do?

Answer 20

Modified Papins engine

Question 21

How did James watt come into the picture

Answer 21

newcommen model breaks at glasgow university. James watt was the tech at the uni

Question 22

what did james watt do?

Answer 22

discovered heat loss from condensation taking place directly in cylinder. added external condenser. Made double newcomen model.

Question 23

who was matthew boulton

Answer 23

• part of the lunar society
• supplied metal to james watt’s ornament shop
• started soho factory with james watt to manufacture steam engines, needed better precision
• cannon tech

Question 24

Who was John wilkinson

Answer 24

• created cannon boring machine

- very precise, could use for piston and cylinders to improve watts steam engine

Question 25

what happened in 1721 that led to the rise of factories and downfall of the putting out system

Answer 25

machines too large, had to move into buildings (factories)

Question 26

who was James Pickard

Answer 26

james pickard had patent for crank and flywheel. james watt cheated him out of his patent money

Question 27

where was the first modern factory located? how was it powered?

Answer 27

Silk mill in Derby. Powered by water

Question 28

Who was Richard Arkwright

Answer 28

• owned comford mill

- became extremely rich by using steam engine sold to him by james watt

Question 29

who was marc brunel

Answer 29

• Portsmouth Block mills

- automated production/assembly

Question 30

who was joseph paxton? what did he build?

Answer 30

• gardener
• built greenhouses
• designed the crystal palace

Question 31

how many people visited the great exhibition?

Answer 31

6 million

Question 32

how did crystal palace get destroyed?

Answer 32

burned down

Question 33

What was joseph niepce and what did he invent?

Answer 33

• French inventor
• bitumen + turpentine = photosensitity
• first photograph
• process called heliography
• RS “lost” notes and photographs

Question 34

Who is Louis Dagueere

Answer 34

Niepce died, daguerre patented his process called it “daguerrotype”
-First photo called boulevard du temple

Question 35

What were two issues with heliography?

Answer 35

needed lots of light, couldn’t reproduce

Question 36

Who was Frederick Scott Archer? what did he come up with?

Answer 36

british sculptor

• made 3d printer/scanner
• new type of photography, collodion process -> duplicable, more detail
• did not patent, died in poverty

Question 37

What is collodian and what is albumen

Answer 37

collodian was the negative and albumen was the positive print

Question 38

What did collodian process allow for

Answer 38

Excellent tonal range

-very light sensitive

Question 39

Who was Andre Disderi

Answer 39

patented the Carte-de-visite

• most popular way to make portraits
• type of small photograph

Question 40

What did collodion dry plate cameras allow for?

Answer 40

Outdoor photography, portable

Question 41

what was the first roll-film camera and who made it?

Answer 41

• george eastman
• kodak
• faster to take photos

Question 42

what was the microdot

Answer 42

german spy camera

Question 43

who made the first digital camera?

Answer 43

Kodak, aquired by apple. Microprocessor tech by kodak

Question 44

What was the first photograph?

Answer 44

View from Window at Le Gras by Joseph Niepce