Religion (monastic orders needs to be completed) Flashcards
Who founded ‘lollardy’ ?
John Wycliffe
What did Lollards place stress on ?
on the understanding of the Bible
What language did Lollards prefer the Bible to be written in and why ?
English - This is because they placed importance on the understanding of the Bible
When was Lollardy founded ?
in the 2nd half of the 14th century (1350s)
What did Lollards think of the Catholic church ?
to be corrupt
What did Lollards think about the special status of Priesthood ?
They denied it
Lollard views were considered _______
heresy
What is heresy ?
The denial of the validity of the Key doctrines of the church
Where did Lollard views particularly dominate despite their views being considered heresy ? (2)
1) South Buckinghamshire
2) Newbury
When did the popularity of Lollardy fall ?
1414
Why did the Popularity of Lollardy fall ?
Because of the failed Lollard rising of 1414
When did the burning of heretics begin ?
1401
How widespread was the burning of heretics in early 15th century ?
rare, very few suffered this fate
What is anticlericalism ?
opposition to the Church’s role in political and other non-religious matters.
How can it be argued that anticlericalism in late-medieval England was not widespread ?
This is because, there continued to be healthy numbers of candidates for priesthood showing that priests retained the support of most members of the laity.
What was the Laity ?
the collective group of people in Society who were neither priests, nor members of a religious order.
What church dominated at the time of Henry VII ?
Catholic church
How many Parish churches were there ?
8000
Give 3 social functions of the church.
1) provided the focus for popular entertainment
2) Provided employment opportunities
3) provided the opportunity for people to advance themselves socially
Give an example of someone who used the church as a opportunity to advance themself socially through the attainment of high office and state.
Cardinal Wolsey
How does the church link to Henry’s marriage to Elizabeth of York ?
Thomas Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury, applied for a papal dispensation For Henry to marry Elizabeth of York in which the Pope approved.
What was the relationship between the Church and the state described as ?
Erastian
What does Erastian mean ? (When looking at the relationship between the state and the church)
The view that the state should have authority over the church
How did the Popes react to the fact that Henry was used the wealth of the church to reward those churchmen to whom he had given high political office ?
They had no objections - King was firmly in control as the relationship between the 2 was Erastian
Which two provinces was the Church in England administered through ?
Canterbury and York
What were the two Provinces that the church was administered through (Canterbury and York) under the jurisdiction of ?
an Archbishop
How many dioceses were the Church of England administered by ?
17
Give examples of 2 dioceses in the Church in England that enjoyed considerable wealth at the time of Henry VII.
Winchester and Durham
Give an example to show that it was common in Medieval England for the most senior figures in the church to be drawn from the senior ranks of the aristocracy.
Margaret Beaufort’s great Uncle had been a cardinal and Bishop of Winchester.
Who were the 2 churchmen who exercised the most power under Henry VII ?
John Morton & Richard Fox
Give an example to show how it was common for senior clergy to participate at a high level in the political process.
The office of the state of the Chancellor (highest advisor to the King) was monopolised by clergymen.
What were abbots ?
heads of the wealthiest religious houses
Which two religious groups/ people shared the membership of the HOL ?
Bishops and abbots
The church provided the framework for how an individual thought, ____________ and ____________.
reasoned, behaved
Give a religious function of the church.
Offered various ways by which an individual could acquire grace in order to reach heaven and minimise the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
How would a person be able to reach heaven ?
necessary to observe as many of the 7 sacraments as possible
Give 2 examples of sacraments (that would help christians reach heaven)
1) baptism
2) marriage
What was the central religious experience of the church ?
Mass
Give 2 reasons why Mass was important
1) It was a sacrifice performed by the priest on behalf of the whole community
2) It was a sacred ritual in which the whole community participated
What were benefactors ?
a person who made a charitable donation to the church, usually left in their will.
What did Benefactors leave money for ?
for the foundation of Chantries
What were chantries ?
Chapels where masses for the souls of the dead took place
What was one of the main functions of a chantry priest at the time ?
Intercession
What was intercession ?
The action of saying a prayer on behalf of another
How did Benefactors see their donations as ?
as a way of benefiting the religious experience of themselves and their community.
What was a confraternity ?
a religious guild or brotherhood
What did guilds and confraternities offer ?
Charity, good fellowship & the chance for ordinary people to contribute to the good of their local community.
Give an example to show how guilds were enormously popular at the time of Henry VII.
The small rural Parish of Salle in Norfolk had 7
Give an example to show how wealthy guilds could be be sources of local patronage and power.
The guild in Louth in Lincolnshire paid for expensive projects such as the building of the spire at the Parish church
How did many parishes in the South and South midlands raise funds ?
Through church ale festivals
Other than trying to observe as many of the 7 sacraments as possible, give another way in which an individual could gain relief from purgatory.
pilgrimage
Give two different places that a pilgrimage would take place.
1) visiting the tomb of a saint
2) visiting a shrine built where there had been a reported visitation of the virgin Mary
Give an example of a tomb of a saint in which individuals could visit on a pilgrimage in order to gain relief from purgatory.
The tomb of Thomas Becket at Canterbury
Give an example of a shrine built where there had been a reported visitation of the virgin Mary where individuals could visit on a pilgrimage in order to gain relief from purgatory.
Walsingham in Norfolk
What was Rogation Sunday or Rogantide ?
A simpler form of pilgrimage when he whole community would walk around the Parish boundaries to pray for its protection.
What did Rogation Sunday emphasise about the importance of the Parish church socially ?
Showed that the Parish church was a key focus of local community in the lives of ordinary people at the time.
What was the most obvious example of individual religious experience and the personal communication of the individual with God in practice.
Margaret Beaufort’s devotion to the Catholic faith and the church was reflected in her widespread donations, especially to Cambridge University.
by 1500, around how many adult males in england were monks ?
1%
What was the oldest and most common monastic order under Henry VII ?
the Benedictines
Give an example of a large Benedictine house (relating to the oldest and most common monastic order, Benedictines)
Durham
How did Durham (an example of a large benedectine house under HVII) fulfill an important role in the community ?
as the Benedectine house in Durham also operated as the cathedral church of the diocese
What is a religious order ?
a subgroup within a larger confessional community
Give examples of 2 other monastic orders under the reign of HVII, that weren’t Benedictines
1) Cistercians
2) Carthusians
Give 2 examples of monasteries that were part of the monastic orders of Cistercians and Carthusians
1) Yorkshire Houses of Fountains
2) Mount Grace
what part of society did a large proportion of monks in the larger Benedictines, Cistercians and Carthusians houses come from ?
Wealthier parts of society
What were the three main religious orders of friars ?
1) Dominicans
2) Franciscans
3) Augustinians
How did the social class of Orders of friars compare to that of the larger monasteries ?
Orders of Friars seem to have recruited from lower down the social scale than the larger monasteries
How were the Orders of the Friars financially supported under HVII ?
by charitable donations
What type of people were nunneries populated by ?
women who were deemed unsuitable for marriage
How did the prestige of nunneries compare to monasteries and the orders of the Friars ?
much less prestige than orders of the Friars and monasteries - most nunneries were relatively poor
