Religion (monastic orders needs to be completed)

Question 1

Who founded ‘lollardy’ ?

Answer 1

John Wycliffe

Question 2

What did Lollards place stress on ?

Answer 2

on the understanding of the Bible

Question 3

What language did Lollards prefer the Bible to be written in and why ?

Answer 3

English - This is because they placed importance on the understanding of the Bible

Question 4

When was Lollardy founded ?

Answer 4

in the 2nd half of the 14th century (1350s)

Question 5

What did Lollards think of the Catholic church ?

Answer 5

to be corrupt

Question 6

What did Lollards think about the special status of Priesthood ?

Answer 6

They denied it

Question 7

Lollard views were considered _______

Answer 7

heresy

Question 8

What is heresy ?

Answer 8

The denial of the validity of the Key doctrines of the church

Question 9

Where did Lollard views particularly dominate despite their views being considered heresy ? (2)

Answer 9

1) South Buckinghamshire

2) Newbury

Question 10

When did the popularity of Lollardy fall ?

Answer 10

1414

Question 11

Why did the Popularity of Lollardy fall ?

Answer 11

Because of the failed Lollard rising of 1414

Question 12

When did the burning of heretics begin ?

Answer 12

1401

Question 13

How widespread was the burning of heretics in early 15th century ?

Answer 13

rare, very few suffered this fate

Question 14

What is anticlericalism ?

Answer 14

opposition to the Church’s role in political and other non-religious matters.

Question 15

How can it be argued that anticlericalism in late-medieval England was not widespread ?

Answer 15

This is because, there continued to be healthy numbers of candidates for priesthood showing that priests retained the support of most members of the laity.

Question 16

What was the Laity ?

Answer 16

the collective group of people in Society who were neither priests, nor members of a religious order.

Question 17

What church dominated at the time of Henry VII ?

Answer 17

Catholic church

Question 18

How many Parish churches were there ?

Answer 18

8000

Question 19

Give 3 social functions of the church.

Answer 19

1) provided the focus for popular entertainment

2) Provided employment opportunities

3) provided the opportunity for people to advance themselves socially

Question 20

Give an example of someone who used the church as a opportunity to advance themself socially through the attainment of high office and state.

Answer 20

Cardinal Wolsey

Question 21

How does the church link to Henry’s marriage to Elizabeth of York ?

Answer 21

Thomas Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury, applied for a papal dispensation For Henry to marry Elizabeth of York in which the Pope approved.

Question 22

What was the relationship between the Church and the state described as ?

Answer 22

Erastian

Question 23

What does Erastian mean ? (When looking at the relationship between the state and the church)

Answer 23

The view that the state should have authority over the church

Question 24

How did the Popes react to the fact that Henry was used the wealth of the church to reward those churchmen to whom he had given high political office ?

Answer 24

They had no objections - King was firmly in control as the relationship between the 2 was Erastian

Question 25

Which two provinces was the Church in England administered through ?

Answer 25

Canterbury and York

Question 26

What were the two Provinces that the church was administered through (Canterbury and York) under the jurisdiction of ?

Answer 26

an Archbishop

Question 27

How many dioceses were the Church of England administered by ?

Answer 27

17

Question 28

Give examples of 2 dioceses in the Church in England that enjoyed considerable wealth at the time of Henry VII.

Answer 28

Winchester and Durham

Question 29

Give an example to show that it was common in Medieval England for the most senior figures in the church to be drawn from the senior ranks of the aristocracy.

Answer 29

Margaret Beaufort’s great Uncle had been a cardinal and Bishop of Winchester.

Question 30

Who were the 2 churchmen who exercised the most power under Henry VII ?

Answer 30

John Morton & Richard Fox

Question 31

Give an example to show how it was common for senior clergy to participate at a high level in the political process.

Answer 31

The office of the state of the Chancellor (highest advisor to the King) was monopolised by clergymen.

Question 32

What were abbots ?

Answer 32

heads of the wealthiest religious houses

Question 33

Which two religious groups/ people shared the membership of the HOL ?

Answer 33

Bishops and abbots

Question 34

The church provided the framework for how an individual thought, ____________ and ____________.

Answer 34

reasoned, behaved

Question 35

Give a religious function of the church.

Answer 35

Offered various ways by which an individual could acquire grace in order to reach heaven and minimise the time a soul would spend in purgatory.

Question 36

How would a person be able to reach heaven ?

Answer 36

necessary to observe as many of the 7 sacraments as possible

Question 37

Give 2 examples of sacraments (that would help christians reach heaven)

Answer 37

1) baptism

2) marriage

Question 38

What was the central religious experience of the church ?

Answer 38

Mass

Question 39

Give 2 reasons why Mass was important

Answer 39

1) It was a sacrifice performed by the priest on behalf of the whole community

2) It was a sacred ritual in which the whole community participated

Question 40

What were benefactors ?

Answer 40

a person who made a charitable donation to the church, usually left in their will.

Question 41

What did Benefactors leave money for ?

Answer 41

for the foundation of Chantries

Question 42

What were chantries ?

Answer 42

Chapels where masses for the souls of the dead took place

Question 43

What was one of the main functions of a chantry priest at the time ?

Answer 43

Intercession

Question 44

What was intercession ?

Answer 44

The action of saying a prayer on behalf of another

Question 45

How did Benefactors see their donations as ?

Answer 45

as a way of benefiting the religious experience of themselves and their community.

Question 46

What was a confraternity ?

Answer 46

a religious guild or brotherhood

Question 47

What did guilds and confraternities offer ?

Answer 47

Charity, good fellowship & the chance for ordinary people to contribute to the good of their local community.

Question 48

Give an example to show how guilds were enormously popular at the time of Henry VII.

Answer 48

The small rural Parish of Salle in Norfolk had 7

Question 49

Give an example to show how wealthy guilds could be be sources of local patronage and power.

Answer 49

The guild in Louth in Lincolnshire paid for expensive projects such as the building of the spire at the Parish church

Question 50

How did many parishes in the South and South midlands raise funds ?

Answer 50

Through church ale festivals

Question 51

Other than trying to observe as many of the 7 sacraments as possible, give another way in which an individual could gain relief from purgatory.

Answer 51

pilgrimage

Question 52

Give two different places that a pilgrimage would take place.

Answer 52

1) visiting the tomb of a saint

2) visiting a shrine built where there had been a reported visitation of the virgin Mary

Question 53

Give an example of a tomb of a saint in which individuals could visit on a pilgrimage in order to gain relief from purgatory.

Answer 53

The tomb of Thomas Becket at Canterbury

Question 54

Give an example of a shrine built where there had been a reported visitation of the virgin Mary where individuals could visit on a pilgrimage in order to gain relief from purgatory.

Answer 54

Walsingham in Norfolk

Question 55

What was Rogation Sunday or Rogantide ?

Answer 55

A simpler form of pilgrimage when he whole community would walk around the Parish boundaries to pray for its protection.

Question 56

What did Rogation Sunday emphasise about the importance of the Parish church socially ?

Answer 56

Showed that the Parish church was a key focus of local community in the lives of ordinary people at the time.

Question 57

What was the most obvious example of individual religious experience and the personal communication of the individual with God in practice.

Answer 57

Margaret Beaufort’s devotion to the Catholic faith and the church was reflected in her widespread donations, especially to Cambridge University.