regional government and parliament

Question 1

Give two of Henry’s strongest supporters throughout his reign.

Answer 1

1) Jasper Tudor

2) John De Vere

Question 2

What were Jasper Tudor and John De Vere rewarded with due to being Henry’s largest supporters ?

Answer 2

Both were rewarded with estates which brought with them a considerable amount of local control

Question 3

How did Jasper Tudor exert a considerable amount of local control under Henry due to him being one of his Largest supporters ?

Answer 3

Jasper Tudor became the most influential nobleman in Wales as He was put in charge of governing the region by Henry.

Question 4

How did John De Vere exert a considerable amount of local control under Henry due to him being one of his largest supporters ?

Answer 4

John De Vere, who was Earl of Oxford, became the most influential nobleman in East Anglia.

Question 5

Who was Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland replaced by after his death in 1489 ?

Answer 5

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey

Question 6

Why did Henry replace Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland with Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey as Lord Lieutenant of the North ?

Answer 6

This is because Thomas Howard had neither Land nor influence in the Northern counties. This meant he was hoping to win back the lands and title lost by his Father after Bosworth and so Henry could expect good service from him.

Question 7

What kind of power did the Council of the North have ?

Answer 7

It had administrative and judicial power to enable the law to be enforced swiftly and efficiently.

Question 8

Give a simple fact to show how the council of the North had limited power

Answer 8

Henry required his council in London to keep a close watch on the activities of the Council of the North.

Question 9

How did Henry ensure that the council of the North did not become too powerful ? (2)

Answer 9

1) Henry required his London Council to keep a close watch on the activities of the Council of the North

2) Henry made sure that key members of the Council were appointed by him rather than by his lieutenants (Thomas Howard)

Question 10

Give an example of How Henry made sure that key members of the council of the North were appointed by him rather than by his Lieutenants.

Answer 10

One of the most important members on Surrey’s (Thomas Howard’s) council, William Sever (Bishop of Carlisle) was appointed by the King to enforce his prerogative rights in the North.

Question 11

Give an example of how Henry required his London Council to keep a close watch on the activities of the Council of the North.

Answer 11

One of the most important members in the Council of the North William Sever (Bishop of Carlisle) was required to keep in regular contact with Sir Reginald Bray in London, with whom he worked closely with to ensure the smooth running of the North.

Question 12

Who did Henry appoint to govern Wales ?

Answer 12

Jasper Tudor

Question 13

How did Henry revive the council of Wales in 1493 ?

Answer 13

He appointed his 7 year old son, Arthur as its nominal head as Prince of Wales.

Question 14

Why did Henry not have to worry much about a possible threat to his position from the Welsh ?

Answer 14

Because of his family links and close connections ensured for him, the support of the people.

Question 15

How did Henry reward the Welsh who had put trust in him as King and did not pose a threat to his position ?

Answer 15

He trusted them to see their own affairs, hence his policy of appointing welshmen to kep positions in Wales.

Question 16

Give an example of Henry’s policy of appointing Welshmen to key positions in Wales.

Answer 16

Sir Rhys ap Thomas was appointed to govern South West Wales

Question 17

How was Henry’s control of Wales aided in 1495 ?

Answer 17

Because, by 1495, scarcely 1/2 a dozen Marcher Lordships remained in Private hands.

Question 18

What were Marcher Lordships ?

Answer 18

These were nobles who guarded the border between England and Wales and who had acquired and ruled land for generations.

Question 19

How did a reduction of Marcher Lordships in Private hands in Wales mean Henry’s control of Wales was strengthened ?

Answer 19

This is because it meant nobles had less power in Wales and therefore Henry could govern directly, and indirectly, a larger proportion of Wales than any King had done before.

Question 20

How did Henry learn about the danger that Ireland could pose

Answer 20

When Simnel (1587) and Warbeck (1491) both received considerable support from there.

Question 21

Who was the Lord Deputy of Ireland before 1492 ?

Answer 21

The Earl of Kildare

Question 22

Who was the Earl of Kildare ?

Answer 22

The leader of the Geraldines, the wealthiest and most powerful noble family in Ireland.

Question 23

Why was the Earl of Kildare’s position as Lord Deputy deprived of him in 1492m by Henry ?

Answer 23

This is because he had recognised Perkin Warbeck’s claim to the throne.

Question 24

When did Henry set about reorganizing Irish government ?

Answer 24

1494

Question 25

Give 2 ways in which Henry reorganised Irish government in 1494.

Answer 25

1) He made his infant son, Prince Henry, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

2) He appointed Sir Edward Poynings, one of his most trusted advisors, as Lord Deputy

Question 26

What was Sir Edward Poynings main task as Lord deputy of Ireland ? (2)

Answer 26

1) To bring the most rebellious areas under the King’s control

2) To impose a constitution on Ireland that would ensure its future obedience to the English Crown.

Question 27

What aim/ task of the two did Sir Edward Poynings succeed in as Lord Deputy of Ireland ?

Answer 27

He succeeded in establishing a constitution at the Irish Parliament

Question 28

How did Sir Edward Poynings achieve his aim of establishing a constitution at the Irish Parliament ?

Answer 28

This can be seen in 1494, when Irish Parliament met at Drogheda (town in Rep. of Ireland) and introduced Ponying’s law.

Question 29

What was Poynings’ law ? (what 3 things did it do)

Answer 29

1) This is where he got Irish Chieftains (leaders of Irish clans) to agree that the Irish Parliament could only be called with the King’s prior agreement.

2) Also, any attempt to discuss future legislation or to pass laws would have to have been agreed by Henry and his council.

3) finally, any law made in England would automatically apply to Ireland.

Question 30

How did Poynings’ law somewhat successfully bring the most rebellious areas of Ireland under the King’s control through Poynings’ law ?

Answer 30

Henry hoped in the short term that, preventing the calling of an unauthorised Irish Parliament would mean that another pretender is not recognised by Ireland.

Question 31

How was Henry’s reform of Irish government a failure ?

Answer 31

This is because, the attempt to rule Ireland directly soon proved to be unsustainably high; Henry returned to his earlier policy of ruling through Irish Chieftains and the Earl of Kildare was reinstated as Lord Deputy

Question 32

How can Henry’s reform of Irish government be seen to be a somewhat success ?

Answer 32

Ireland ceased (stopped) to be a problem for Henry

Question 33

How many times was Parliament summoned in he 24 years of Henry’s reign ?

Answer 33

7 times

Question 34

How many times did Parliament meet in the first decade of Henry’s reign ?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

Give three reasons as to why Henry did not summon Parliament often.

Answer 35

1) Didn’t need to ask for war taxes very often as his foreign policy was based on avoiding expensive campaigns abroad

2) Did not want to strain the loyalty of his subjects by too many requests for money

3) Henry was unwilling to initiate legislation on large scale; the government bills that were most frequently passed were acts of attainder

Question 36

How much of all statutes passed by Parliament dealt with the responsibilities of the JPs and the control of the provinces ?

Answer 36

10%

Question 37

Give an example of an act that dealt with social discipline (passed by Parliament)

Answer 37

1495 act - laid down rules on wages and hours of work

Question 38

What was the shortest session of Parliament during Henry’s reign ?

Answer 38

0.5 months

Question 39

What was the longest session of Parliament during Henry’s reign ?

Answer 39

3 months