Religion developments past 1570 Flashcards
What was Puritanism?
The belief in the eradication of ‘popish superstition’ - they wanted a further extreme Protestant reform of the church
What was the Presbyterian movement/
One aspect of the broader Puritan movement
Believed COE was already Calvinist in its doctrine but should be further reformed in its structure and form of worship
Bishop office should be abolished, all ministers should be equal
Presbyterian admonition?
1st= attacked the Book of Common Prayer- abolition of bishops 2nd= detailed description of Presbyterian system of Church government
Pamphlet war?
Concerned John Whitgift and Thomas Cartwright
Narrow geographical movement- London and Essex
Conflict surrounding COE superstitious basis
In the pamphlet war who supported Cartwright?
Cecil and Leicester- they saw Presbyterianism as a bulwark against Catholic influence
Defended clergy men who fell out of influence due to their support for Presbyterianism
How did the Presbyterian movement grow in 1580s?
Ideas for church government went through local assemblies and provincial and national synods were developed
Attempts to bring ideas through parliament failed
What were synods?
Church councils that in this context would exist without the hierarchy of the church
Whitgift’s 3 articles?
- Acknowledgement of royal supremacy
- Acceptance of the prayer book
- Acceptance that the 39 articles conformed to the word of God
Purpose of 3 articles?
Destroy Presbyterianism
Why did the 2nd article create conflict?
Went against some of the clergy’s conscience- some believed that the prayer book did not have enough scriptural justification
Who forced Whitgift to back down?
Walsingham and Leicester
Success of Whitgift?
Cartwright was refused a license to preach
He had the support of the Queen
1580’s decline of Puritanism?
Very few Puritan clergy were prepared to break with the church by refusing to accept the 3 articles
Death of key organised John Field in 1589
No synod was held after 1589
Defeat of Armada reduced threat of Catholicism
What was Separatism?
Most extreme form of Puritanism
Beliefs of Separates?
Separate from COE altogether as it was incapable of reforming itself sufficiently and would not be able to root out all superstitions
Against Supreme Governor
Who was leader of Separates?
Robert Brown
How did Brown make peace with England after exiled in Netherlands?
Aided by the good offices of his relative Lord Burghley he made peace in 1585
Act of Seditious Sectaries?
Act implemented as a result of threat of Separatism
Downfall of Separatism?
Leaders Greenwood and Barrow were executed for devising and circulating seditious book
Lambeth Articles 1595?
Nine points on doctrine- approved by Whitgift and implemented under his authority- reflected Calvinist doctrine- approved by Puritans
Elizabeth attitude towards Catholicism?
Not wanting to make windows into men’s souls
Toleration for private belief
1571 Act against Catholicism?
Publication of Papal Bulls treasonable- to do with excommunication in 1570
1581 Act against Catholicism?
Retain Queen’s majesty in their due obedience- made it treason to withdraw a subject’s allegiance to Queen of COE
Mass was punishable - not attending church fine was £20
1585 Act?
Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests- treason for priests to ordain under Pope’s authority
If you didn’t pay your £20 fine what could happen?
2/3 of your land could be taken
Influence of Society of Jesus?
Sent priests to England in 1580- priests were of a high intelligence and had good organisational skills and were therefore a dedication to Catholicism restoration in England
Famous Jesuit?
Campion- captured and executed 1581
Limited success of Jesuits?
Humble Catholics were ignored as priests associated more with their protectors rather than the ordinary people
Catholicism was a more country house religion
More priests operated in south, where population of Catholics was the smallest
