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AP Human Geography > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Religion

A

set of beliefs regarding the nature or existence of life, the origins of life, the nature of an afterlife, and other aspects of the supernatural or divine

system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for devotion, rituals for worship and code of ethics

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2
Q

Beliefs of Judaism

A

belief in one god
originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people
Yahweh was responsible for the world
preserved early history in the Old Testament

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3
Q

Beliefs of Christianity

A

monotheistic system of beliefs and practices
based on Old Testament and New Testament
Jesus is the savior and the son of God

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4
Q

Beliefs of Islam

A

monotheistic religion of Muslims
founded in Arabia in 7th century
based on the teachings of Muhammad in Koran

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5
Q

Beliefs of Hinduism

A

wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices
developed in the Indian subcontinent
roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist practices
includes caste system

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6
Q

Beliefs of Buddhism

A

founded by Siddhartha Gautama
salvation through self-discipline and poverty and self-knowledge and elimination of greed
evolved from Hinduism in northern India and Nepal as result of strict hierarchy maintained by Hinduism

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7
Q

What is proselytizing

A

attempt to convert people to a religious belief or other cause

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8
Q

What is universalizing

A

religion that attempts to appeal to people in all locations

Christianity, Islam, Buddhism

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9
Q

Largest religions

A 
Christianity is single largest religion
17% of world is Catholic
15% of world is Sunni Muslim
13% of world is Hindu
7% of world is Protestant
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10
Q

Ghetto

A

formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live

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11
Q

Christian sects

A

Pentacostalists
Adventists
Quakers

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12
Q

Islamic sects

A

Shia: Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed’s son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam

Sunni: branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

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13
Q

Secularism

A

doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

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14
Q

Syncretic religions

A

religions that blend together into a new religion

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15
Q

Cultural hearths

A

where most religions are born

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16
Q

Causes of religious conflict

A

religion v. social change
religion v. Communism
religious wars in the Middle East (Israel and Palestine)
religious wars in Ireland (Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom)

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17
Q

Reincarnation

A

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

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18
Q

Karma

A

sort of cosmic cause and effect principle

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19
Q

Dharma

A

law

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20
Q

Nirvana

A

in Buddhism it is the stillness of mind after the fires of desire have been extinguished

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21
Q

Sikhism

A

Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak in the Punjab region of northwest India

22
Q

Wicca

A

pagan witchcraft

23
Q

Shintoism

A

religion in Japan
related to Buddhism
focuses on nature and ancestor worship

24
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A 
faith
prayer
charity
fasting
pilgrimage to Mecca (Hadj)
25
Q

Sharia Law

A

Islamic code of law based on the words of Allah in the Qur’an

26
Q

Yin-Yang

A

symbols of the valance of opposites in the universe according to Taoism

27
Q

Four Noble Truths

A

summary of the Buddha’s teachings

  1. all life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow
  2. cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds
  3. only cure for suffering is overcome non-virtue
  4. way to overcome non-virtue is to follow Eightfold Path
28
Q

Mecca

A

birthplace of Mohammad
site of many events in founders life
pilgrimage destination for millions of Muslims

29
Q

Jerusalem (Islam)

A

location of the Dome of the Rock

site of a vision of Mohammad in which he was taken to heaven

30
Q

Jerusalem (Christianity)

A

major events in Jesus’ life

31
Q

Bethlehem

A

birthplace of Christ

32
Q

Rome

A

important events in early Christian church

33
Q

Lower Ganges Valley

A

early history of the life of Buddha

34
Q

Mt. Khailas

A

god Siva lives there

35
Q

Ganges River

A

purification baths possible here because it comes from the hair of Siva

36
Q

major branches of Christianity

A

Protestant
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic

37
Q

Hadj

A

5th pillar of Islam – pilgrimage to Mecca

38
Q

Christianity Hearth and Diffusion

A

hearth in Jerusalem
diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued through Europe after the fall of Rome
later to North and South America and Africa

39
Q

Islam Hearth and Diffusion

A

hearth in Mecca

diffused rapidly and widely from Arabia and eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa

40
Q

Buddhism Hearth and Diffusion

A

hearth in Ganga Plain

diffused gradually to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventual China and Japan

41
Q

Hinduism Hearth and Diffusion

A

hearth in Punjab

diffused through India

42
Q

cremation

A

practice of burning the dead

common with Hindus, Buddhists, Shintoists

43
Q

Tibet

A

location of political conflict

atheist Chinese government is destroying Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and arresting its adherents

44
Q

Northern Ireland

A

location of religious conflict

Protestants in N. Ireland want to stay part of UK and Roman Catholics want to be part of the Republic of Ireland

45
Q

Ethnic Asian Religions

A

Shintoism
Daoism
Confucianism

46
Q

Christian denominations in the US

A 
Roman Catholic in Southwest and Northest
Baptist in the South
Methodist in the Mid-Atlantic
Lutheran in the Upper Midwest
Mormon in Utah
47
Q

Zionism

A

movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and establish a nation homeland for them in the promised land

48
Q

Baha’i

A

universalizing religion practiced in parts of Africa and Asia
similar to Sikhism in that both advocate elimination of religious differences

49
Q

Coptic Church

A

Egyptian Church recognized by both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church

50
Q

Latter Day Saints

A

founded by Joseph Smith

implemented principles of Book of Mormon

51
Q

Jewish Holidays

A

Sukkot: Festival of Tabernacles in October
Yom Kippur: 10th day of the New Year
Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year

AP Human Geography (10 decks)

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