Chapter 5: Race and Ethnicity Flashcards
race
classification system that is sometimes understood as arising from genetically significant differences among human populations, or from visible differences in human physiognomy
ethnic group
group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority group in a larger society
acculturation
adoption by an ethnic group of enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially
assimilation
complete blending of an ethnic group into the host society, resulting in the loss of all distinctive ethnic traits
ethnic homelands
sizable areas inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it
ethnic islands
small ethnic areas in the rural countryside; sometimes called folk islands
ethnic substrate
regional cultural distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland
ethnic neighborhood
voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice
ghetto
an area within a city where an ethnic group lives, either by choice or by force
ethnoburbs
suburban ethnic neighborhood, sometimes home to relatively affluent immigration populations
chain migration
tendency of people to migrate along channels, over a period of time, from specific source areas to a specific destination
involuntary migration
refers to the forced displacement of a population, whether by government policy, warfare or other violence, ethnic cleansing, disease, natural disaster, or enslavement
ethnic cleansing
removal of unwanted ethnic minority populations from a nation state through mass killing, deportation or imprisonment
return migration
type of ethnic diffusion that involves the voluntary movement of a group of migrants back to their ancestral or native country or homeland
cultural simplification
process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose certain aspects of their traditional culture in the process of settling overseas, creating a new culture that is less complex than the old
genocide
systematic killing of a racial , ethnic, religious, or linguistic group
cultural preadaption
complex of adaptive traits and skills possessed in advance of migration by a group, giving it survival ability and competitive advantage in occupying the new environment
cultural maladaption
poor or inadequate adaptation that occurs when a group pursues an adaptive strategy that, in the short run, fails to provide the necessities of life or, in the long run, destroys the environment that nourishes it
environmental racism
targeting of areas where ethnic or racial minorities live with respect to environmental contamination or failure to enforce environmental regulations
ethnic flag
readily visible marker of ethnicity on the landscape
foodways
customary behaviors associated with food preparation and consumpation
core/periphery pattern
concept based on the tendency of both formal and functional cultura regions to consist of a core or node, in which defining traits are purest or functions are headquarted, and a periphery that is tributary and displays fewer of the defining traits
cultural ecology
the study of the relationship between the physical environment and culture; narrowly defined as the study of culture as an adaptive system that facilitates human adaptation to nature and enviornmental change
cultural identity
ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect
culture
the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people’s distinct patterns
culture region
grouping of like places or the functional union of places to form a cultural unit
innovation adoption
diffusion of new ideas
maladaptive diffusion
diffusion of an idea or innovation that is not suitable for the environment in which it is diffused
sequent occupance
landscape gradually transformed by a succession of occupying populations, each of which modifies the landscape left by the previous groups
cultural linkage
migrants who have moved away but renew or maintain their connections with their homeland; facilitated by modern technology like newspapers
cultural revival
process that works against globalization, revitalizing cultural ties and promoting distinction
cultural landscape
visible imprint of human activity on the landscape, the “man-made” part of the environment
types of cultural diffusion
expansion hierarchical contagious stimulus relocation
