reliability of the DSM/ICD

Question 1

define reliability in terms of diagnosis

Answer 1

when 2 different clinicians diagnose the same patient with the same disorder

Question 2

what are the two ways of reliability

Answer 2

inter-rater reliability
test-retest reliablity

Question 3

what is inter-rater reliablity

Answer 3

agreement in diagnosis between clinicians

Question 4

what is test-retest reliability

Answer 4

testing paintents two or more times to see if they recive the same diagnosis

Question 5

what did Goldstein find about inter rater reliabliltiy

Answer 5

199 pp schizophrenia re diagnosed with dsm 3 when originally diagnosed with dsm 2. two clinicans told to rediagnose 8 paitents. experts carried out diagnosis seperatly using single blind technique.
high level of agreement in diagnosis
t/f dsm 3 has inter rater reliablity for schizophrenia

Question 6

yet what is a weakness of goldstien

Answer 6

lacks temporal validity
only focuses on one time period, as goldstien only used the dsm3 however society i currently useing the dsm5
t/f we can say that schiz will not have inter-rater reliability for todays diagnosis

Question 7

what is supporting research for test-retest reliabiltiy

Answer 7

brown et al
test reliablity of the DSM 4 studied anxiety and mood disorders 326 paitents boston USA. paitent underwent two inderpendent interviews using anxiety disorder interview fo DSM 4
high level of agreement for dsm 4
t/f suggests mood disorders and anxiety have highlevels of reliability

Question 8

what is a weakness of browns findings

Answer 8

bown et al found that ptsd and major mood `

Question 9

What is one weakness of browns research

Answer 9

brown found that PTSD and major depressive disorder were undiagnosed due to symptom overlap with disorders
t/f there is low re-test reliability

Question 10

how else can test - retest reliability be critised

Answer 10

kirk and kutchins

Question 11

what did kirk and kutchins find

Answer 11

critises using interviews to gather data when interviewers where not properly trained or supervised

Question 12

what does kirk and kutchinsons research then mean

Answer 12

t/f lack of training and not everyone gets the same diagnosis reducing reliability

Question 13

what is anouther strength for test-retest reliability

Answer 13

stinchfeild at elw

Question 14

what did stinch feild find

Answer 14

using paitents recruited from a treatment programm in ontario and community. diagnosed them using DSM5 able to identifies 95% of pp having a gambeling disorder

Question 15

what does stinchfeilds reaserch show as a result

Answer 15

t/f the DSM5 has higher test-retest reliability for certain disorders

Question 16

in relation to diagnosis how can validity be defined

Answer 16

asses paitents symptoms and make an accurate diagnosis

Question 17

what are the two types of validity

Answer 17

concurrent and predicitive and construct

Question 18

define concurrent validity

Answer 18

an already valid manual and diagnosis of paitent diagnosed again using a 2nd manual, when the second manual matches the first

Question 19

define predicitive validity

Answer 19

prediciting the future behaviour of a paitent e.g effect of treatment

Question 20

give an example of conccurent validity

Answer 20

being diagnosed with the DSM and then following this diagnosis with the ICD

Question 21

define construct validity

Answer 21

symptoms listed are representative enough for disorder

Question 22

what is a weakness for construct validity

Answer 22

rosenhan

Question 23

how is rosenhan a construct validity weakness

Answer 23

rosenhan found that 7 out of 8 confederates where diagnosed with schizophrenia even though they only displayed the one symptom of hearing voices saying empety hollow and thud

Question 24

how does rosenhan oppose construct validity

Answer 24

t/f the DSM2 cannot accurately identifiy a disorder and so lacks construct validity

Question 25

what is suppoorting research for concuurent validity

Answer 25

andrews

Question 26

what did andrewas find

Answer 26

assessed 1500 paitents usinf DSM and compared diagnosis to ICD. found agreement on diagnosis for depression, substance dependance and generalised anxiety

Question 27

how does this then support concurrent validity

Answer 27

t/f the DSM can be seen to have concurrent validity for these disorders

Question 28

what is a weakness of andrews that can opppose concurrent validity

Answer 28

andrews only found 68% agreement between ICD and DSM. for PTSD there was poor agreement with the icd diagnosinf twice as many cases

Question 29

what does andrews contradicting evidance show

Answer 29

t/f suggesting that for this PTSD the DSM-IV lacks concurrent validity