reliability of the DSM/ICD Flashcards
define reliability in terms of diagnosis
when 2 different clinicians diagnose the same patient with the same disorder
what are the two ways of reliability
inter-rater reliability
test-retest reliablity
what is inter-rater reliablity
agreement in diagnosis between clinicians
what is test-retest reliability
testing paintents two or more times to see if they recive the same diagnosis
what did Goldstein find about inter rater reliabliltiy
199 pp schizophrenia re diagnosed with dsm 3 when originally diagnosed with dsm 2. two clinicans told to rediagnose 8 paitents. experts carried out diagnosis seperatly using single blind technique.
high level of agreement in diagnosis
t/f dsm 3 has inter rater reliablity for schizophrenia
yet what is a weakness of goldstien
lacks temporal validity
only focuses on one time period, as goldstien only used the dsm3 however society i currently useing the dsm5
t/f we can say that schiz will not have inter-rater reliability for todays diagnosis
what is supporting research for test-retest reliabiltiy
brown et al
test reliablity of the DSM 4 studied anxiety and mood disorders 326 paitents boston USA. paitent underwent two inderpendent interviews using anxiety disorder interview fo DSM 4
high level of agreement for dsm 4
t/f suggests mood disorders and anxiety have highlevels of reliability
what is a weakness of browns findings
bown et al found that ptsd and major mood `
What is one weakness of browns research
brown found that PTSD and major depressive disorder were undiagnosed due to symptom overlap with disorders
t/f there is low re-test reliability
how else can test - retest reliability be critised
kirk and kutchins
what did kirk and kutchins find
critises using interviews to gather data when interviewers where not properly trained or supervised
what does kirk and kutchinsons research then mean
t/f lack of training and not everyone gets the same diagnosis reducing reliability
what is anouther strength for test-retest reliability
stinchfeild at elw
what did stinch feild find
using paitents recruited from a treatment programm in ontario and community. diagnosed them using DSM5 able to identifies 95% of pp having a gambeling disorder
what does stinchfeilds reaserch show as a result
t/f the DSM5 has higher test-retest reliability for certain disorders
in relation to diagnosis how can validity be defined
asses paitents symptoms and make an accurate diagnosis
what are the two types of validity
concurrent and predicitive and construct
define concurrent validity
an already valid manual and diagnosis of paitent diagnosed again using a 2nd manual, when the second manual matches the first
define predicitive validity
prediciting the future behaviour of a paitent e.g effect of treatment
give an example of conccurent validity
being diagnosed with the DSM and then following this diagnosis with the ICD
define construct validity
symptoms listed are representative enough for disorder
what is a weakness for construct validity
rosenhan
how is rosenhan a construct validity weakness
rosenhan found that 7 out of 8 confederates where diagnosed with schizophrenia even though they only displayed the one symptom of hearing voices saying empety hollow and thud
how does rosenhan oppose construct validity
t/f the DSM2 cannot accurately identifiy a disorder and so lacks construct validity
what is suppoorting research for concuurent validity
andrews
what did andrewas find
assessed 1500 paitents usinf DSM and compared diagnosis to ICD. found agreement on diagnosis for depression, substance dependance and generalised anxiety
how does this then support concurrent validity
t/f the DSM can be seen to have concurrent validity for these disorders
what is a weakness of andrews that can opppose concurrent validity
andrews only found 68% agreement between ICD and DSM. for PTSD there was poor agreement with the icd diagnosinf twice as many cases
what does andrews contradicting evidance show
t/f suggesting that for this PTSD the DSM-IV lacks concurrent validity
