Reliability and Vaildity

Question 1

what is reliability?

Answer 1

• reliability = consistency.
  research can be deemed as reliable when the same research is carried out again (replicated) in the future and produces the same results (external reliability).

shows that the research and the findings gained are consistent and the research can be viewed as good quality and trustworthy.

Question 2

what is internal reliability?

Answer 2

• degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as confounding/extraneous variables
• concerned with whether the measuring instruments used in research can give the same results on different occasions - the measuring instruments used must be consistent

Question 3

what is validity?

Answer 3

how well a scientific test or piece of research actually measures what it sets out to - how accurately the results found reflect real life

Question 4

what is internal validity?

Answer 4

• concerned with whether the research measures what it set out to measure in the hypothesis.
• measures the extent to which the independent variable is really having an effect on the dependent variable, and this effect must be genuine and not caused by confounding variables.

Question 5

what are the 4 different types of internal validity?

Answer 5

Concurrent Validity
Face Validity
Content Validity
Predictive Validity

Question 6

what is concurrent validity?

Answer 6

Findings concur (same) as previous findings.

Question 7

what is face validity?

Answer 7

results are what they appear to be (measures what it claims to measure)

Question 8

what is content validity?

Answer 8

research covers all areas of the topic being studied

Question 9

what is predictive validity?

Answer 9

accuracy of findings matching what is predicted (degree to which findings match predictions)

Question 10

what is external validity?

Answer 10

the extent to which results can be generalized across populations, places and times, (to other situations beyond where the study was carried out originally).

Question 11

what are the 4 types of external validity?

Answer 11

Population validity
Ecological validity/Context validity
Construct validity
Temporal validity

Question 12

what is population validity?

Answer 12

How representative the study/results are to the whole population

Question 13

what is ecological/context validity?

Answer 13

The ability to generalise study findings to real-world settings

Question 14

what is construct validity?

Answer 14

The extent to which your test or measure reflects what you intend

Question 15

what is temporal validity?

Answer 15

The validity of findings in relation to progression of time