RELATIONSHIPS- theories of formation

Question 1

what are the 2 theories that explain formation?

Answer 1

the reward/need satisfaction model

the matching hypothesis

Question 2

who thought of the reward/need satisfaction model?

Answer 2

byrne et al

Question 3

who thought of the matching hypothesis?

Answer 3

walster et al

Question 4

what is the reward/need satisfaction model based on?

Answer 4

principles of operant & classical conditiong

Question 5

what is the reward/need satisfaction model in depth?

Answer 5

we fund relationships in some form rewarding/that we may find life unpleasant and unrewarding when alone

Question 6

how is reward/need satisfaction model done?

Answer 6

through operant c people may reward us directly by metting psychological needs e.g love, sex. individs that helpful,cheerful and supportive may provide this direct reinforcement and liked more.

Question 7

how could we be rewarded indirectly?

Answer 7

through classical c as relationships with some individs may provide pleasant event around them e.g compliments they provide= pleasant feelings in association with person thermselves.

Question 8

rewarded indirectly part 2?

Answer 8

positive moods associated with person with them too - according to they increase likelihood of attraction

Question 9

what does the reward/need satisfaction model propose?

Answer 9

we are attracted to individ who meet needs/expectations and people who meet =induce + feelings increase attraction also.

Question 10

what does byrne et al say in relation to reward/need satisfaction model?

Answer 10

believed banlance of positive and neg feelings= crucial in relationships where positive = outweighed= more likely successful

Question 11

what is the matching hypothesis in depth?

Answer 11

people who were similar in levels of atrtaction intelligence & social standing = more inclined to form rels w eachother.

Question 12

what does the matching hypothesis propose?

Answer 12

people pair themselves with others based on own sense of value and look for similar qual. more social desirbale individ is in physical attrac/social staning/intell etc = more desirable expect partner

Question 13

what did matching hypothesis also propose?

Answer 13

people who matched well = happier than those not based on social desirability. those look influenced by what they want and what they think gonna get .

Question 14

what did walster call when individs look for things they want to what they gonna get?

Answer 14

realistic choices because individ influenced by choices of feelings recip.

Question 15

who did supporting research for reward/need?

Answer 15

hays et al
griffitt et al
lotter et al

Question 16

what did hays et al say?

Answer 16

found students in frienships gave as much value to rewarding the other as rewarding selves

Question 17

what did hays et al study suggest about r/n?

Answer 17

flawed

Question 18

what did hays et al also find as to why its flawed?

Answer 18

friendships & relation more around equity and fairness - so people not so self centred like r/n suggests- people like giving than recieving

Question 19

evaluation of hays et al?

Answer 19

suggest more complicated dynamic of relationships and r/n = reductionist & oversimplyfying complex process e.g oc & cc

Question 20

evaluation of hays et al? (2)

Answer 20

1. r/n dont factor role of free will-portraying ind as simple stimuli than complex
2. samply only students= lack ecol valid to wider gen

Question 21

what did griffit et al say?

Answer 21

p evaluated on creative task and asked how much like experimenter/ rating = high qho qwew wvaluated suggesting some credibility in theory.

Question 22

criticism of griffit?

Answer 22

lack eco valid in real word settings & real word formation of rels. although liked exp doesnt say whether sufficient enough for rels to be formed

Question 23

what did lotter et al say?

Answer 23

many cultures women more attentive to others than own rewards e.g husband/children. some say this may be rewarding in itself (difficult to prove/disprove)

Question 24

what is also said in attachment to lotter et al?

Answer 24

in cultures rels ar arranged m r/n & matching dont apply as choice taken away so suffers cultural bias to western society and limit application to other cultures and society

Question 25

what do most studies supporting r/n lack?

Answer 25

mundane realism and internal validity as dont show principles of need satisfaction.

Question 26

what is mainly evident in r/n model (eval)?

Answer 26

gender diff and cultural bias

Question 27

what are the studies in relation to matching hypothesis?

Answer 27

walster et al
mustein et al
bobblet et al
hatfield et al

Question 28

what did waltser et al study do?

Answer 28

conducted dance study to test hyp. students led to believe meeting dates matched on sim on social des factors but matched randomly.

Question 29

what were the results of walster et al study?

Answer 29

students matched to dates that were physically attractive regardless of own level of att- more likely to persue date after. intelligence ,personality didnt effect this

Question 30

what did the results suggest of walster study?

Answer 30

physical att likely most component in matching -showing support

Question 31

critiscm of walster et al study? (2)

Answer 31

study lacks vital info on whether students would rank dates similar to them/not and whether rel formed

lacks internal valid and may not be meaning students matchng themselves according to their own social des weakening theories credibility

Question 32

what did mustein et al say?

Answer 32

strong ev in real world for matching effect. measured couples and judges indep assigned scores each partner on level of attraction.

Question 33

why did mustein et al find?

Answer 33

strong evidence support hyp as scores for each partners level of physical attrac found signif similar

Question 34

what did bobblet et al find?

Answer 34

evidence for matching effect for more committed couples showing those matched similarly appeared to have stronger rels (married/engaged/going steady)

Question 35

critiscm of matching hyp?

Answer 35

shows people pair with similar social des

Question 36

what did hatfield et al say?

Answer 36

proposes complex matching occurs where those who lack in one area of makeup make up for it in other e.g wealth,personality e.g wealthy men and young women.

Question 37

evaluation of matching hyp?

Answer 37

reductionist and incomplete for instance (complex) weakening theory
deterministic- does not account role of free will as many ppl pair up regardless of soc des.

Question 38

what is an evolutionary explanation in formation of rel?

Answer 38

people may ultimately look for rel with people that offer most in terms of passing genes successfully e.g wealth for stable future for kids

Question 39

support for this & crtiscim of r/n and matching comes from?

Answer 39

takeuchi

Question 40

what did takeuchi say?

Answer 40

shown gender difference exists with men placing gender importance on physical beauty fidelity while women place less emphasis on this and being more open to other social des such as kindess/generosity.