RELATIONSHIPS- theories for maintenence

Question 1

what are the 2 theories for maintenance?

Answer 1

social exchange theory

equity theory

Question 2

what is the social exchange theory?

Answer 2

views relationships behaviour as a series of exchanges based on rewards & costs & profit. each person tries to maximise rewards and minimise costs .exchange element done

Question 3

what is a reward?

Answer 3

seen as pleasurable and beneficial

Question 4

example of rewards?

Answer 4

company, security,intimacy,sex

Question 5

what is a cost?

Answer 5

anything seen as loss in individ during rels

Question 6

example of costs?

Answer 6

effort,financial,investment,time,problems,argument,abuse,loss of rel opportunites to maintain rels.

Question 7

what is the exchange element?

Answer 7

individ recieve rewards and feels obligated to reciprocate costs- rewards= loss of profit

Question 8

what does the social exchange theory propose?

Answer 8

rels maintained with further committment as long as individ profit occuring

Question 9

what does the social exchange theory also propose?

Answer 9

individs use comparison level to determine value of rels

Question 10

what is the comparison level based on?

Answer 10

past experiences in rela & comparison of possible alternatives. if person judges it could maintain providing profits exceed lev.

Question 11

what is the equity theory?

Answer 11

similar as sees behaviour within rels as series of exhanges h.w goal not profit it is fairness

Question 12

what does the equity theory propose?

Answer 12

under benefiting/over both cause inequity leading to dissat/disolution. greater ineq=greater diss

Question 13

what happens if inequity recognised?

Answer 13

save rels by making adjustments and re-establishing equity.provided loser feels there is chance in storing fairness

Question 14

how can fairness change be done?

Answer 14

changing input and (output) or changing perception of output/input e.g counselling

Question 15

what is input?

Answer 15

changing amount put in relationship

Question 16

what is output?

Answer 16

amount of time taken

Question 17

what does equity mean?

Answer 17

does not mean equality and both can put diff amounts in rel to be quitable 1 = little get little 1= more get more

Question 18

what is equity theory based on?

Answer 18

input/output.people can still compose relationship to comparison level look to see worth investing or start new

Question 19

research for social exchange theory?

Answer 19

mills & clark

rusbult et al

Question 20

what did mill & clark find?

Answer 20

lack of consistent support for s.e.t as there are 2 types of couples

Question 21

what are the 2 types of couples in mills & clark?

Answer 21

communal & exchange

Question 22

what is a communal couple?

Answer 22

each partner gave out concern for each other

Question 23

what is a exchange couple

Answer 23

each kept mental record of scoring

Question 24

what does the diff types of couple show?

Answer 24

diff types of rels and that set may lack external validity applying to same but not all r.

Question 25

what did rusbult et al study?

Answer 25

studied rel maintenece of 7 month period and found set couldn’t explain honeymoon period h.w later rels satisfaction related to costs suggesting better suited for explaining longer term maintenence.

Question 26

what did rusbult also find?

Answer 26

support of set and comparison level w people gauging cost and rewards in compare to potential rel. lends support to people viewing and maintaing rels on basis of benefits & costs

Question 27

what are the studies for equity?

Answer 27

yum et al
dainton et al
canary et al

Question 28

what did yum et al do?

Answer 28

look at various heterosexual r in 6 diff cultures & found people in equitable r engaging in most maintenence stratergies.

Question 29

what about cultural factors in yum et al study?

Answer 29

little effect in lending support to e and ecological val and wider gen

Question 30

critiscm of yum et al?

Answer 30

focused on heterosexual r and not homo. and study suffers cultural bias as 6 is small scale and dont apply to wider gen

Question 31

what did dainton et al do?

Answer 31

219 r’s found those in inequitable r= unhappy but wanting to return to equitable state suggesting equity is important in maint

Question 32

what did canary et al do?

Answer 32

found a link btw degree of percieved e and the prevelance of maintence strategies suggesting equitable r are mainatained supporting e theory.

Question 33

study for s.e.t and e theory?

Answer 33

hatefield et al

Question 34

what did hatefield et al do?

Answer 34

look at people who felt they over benefited/under from r’s/. those under =anger and those over= guilty with neither wishing to maintain that not balanced/fair supporting both

Question 35

evaluation for economic theories?

Answer 35

reductionist as assume maintenence down to profit/equity. rels = far more complex e.g women abused by husbands but still remain despite high losses.

role of love not factored in either theory=simplistic and incomplete exp

Question 36

what also is bad with economic theories?

Answer 36

both focused on hetero not homo therefore cant do universal appl and external valid beyond context of hetero

Question 37

what do s.e.t and e both suffer?

Answer 37

cultural bias as based on western culture. e.g arranged m bring togev dam and community ,maintenence may be down purely to selfish desire/equity which theory dont explin

Question 38

studies for eval of set and e?

Answer 38

mills & clark
kahn et al
moghaddam

Question 39

what did mills & clark suggest in evaluating s & e?

Answer 39

not possible to quantify emotional investment = huge role in rels. unable to also explain how love fits in although widely accepted huge factor in maintenece

Question 40

what did kahn et al suggest in evaluating s & e?

Answer 40

gender bias in both not accepted - females more concerned with equality & equal amounts regardless of input whereas men equity and benefits proportionate to input. neither apply to both genders with preference to 1

Question 41

what did moghaddam suggest?

Answer 41

evidence for cultural bias in us student. rs prefering equity while euro equality= further cultural differences and limited app each theory depending on culture.

Question 42

what does moghaddam results also limit?

Answer 42

limit results to younger adults and students rather long terms r’s that are common with older.