RELATIONSHIPS-influence of culture on romatic r's

Question 1

what are the 2 cultures i differentiate between?

Answer 1

western and non western

Question 2

what is it with western cultures and romantic r?

Answer 2

people choose own partners on attraction and choice. b4 making dec to move in /long term comm = marriage.some move in without m. rate of m steadily decreased

Question 3

what is it due to social mobility in western?

Answer 3

due to social mobility western cultures characterised by greater pool of pontential r’s due to urban settings= regularly interaction with large no. of people and accquaintent

Question 4

social mobility in comparison to western?

Answer 4

non western have fewer urban centres and less georgrpahical & social mobility translating to less choice etc. r’s tied stronger to other factors such as family/economic resources

Question 5

what do western cultures promote?

Answer 5

greater importance on rights and freedom of individ & seen as individualistic as focus on own choices therefore r’s seen as voluntary by those involved

Question 6

what about non western and freedom?

Answer 6

the group depends to be main unit of concern and these known as collectivist cultures. encouraged to be interdependent and rely on 1 another.

Question 7

how do non western shape relationship choice?

Answer 7

through family, community/group (moghaddam et al )

Question 8

what is it with western r’s and love?

Answer 8

love more important in indiv while collectivist based on values take place in c.

Question 9

what are r’s in non western cultures?

Answer 9

r’s may be involuntary where arranged m factor.parents play role in join community, extended families etc. parents know best as marrying for love = disaster

Question 10

what is marrying for love = disaster supported by?

Answer 10

research showing ind marrage= low levels of satisfaction longterm

Question 11

what is marrying for love = disaster argument?

Answer 11

such cultures may also see divorce brings shame which discourages couples to divorce due to stigma. possible that strong influence culture plays on r’s that may not be beneficial as it seems.

Question 12

what happened in the hsu research?

Answer 12

compared chinese and north american societes and demonstrated how diff values can shape r choices.

Question 13

how do chinese deal with their r’s (hsu- cultural values)?

Answer 13

hinese regard heritage an ancestry and r tend to be dominated by more permanent r’s

Question 14

how do western c’s deal with their r’s (hsu- cultural values)

Answer 14

western c emphasise progress and discontinuity tended to favour more temporary r’s showing how diff cultural values can shape r

Question 15

what are the topical researches for influence of culture on romantic r’s? (4)

Answer 15

norms & rules
social mobility
arranged m
cultural shift

Question 16

research for norms and rules?

Answer 16

btw c’s may also affect r due to what considered as approp b. if someone recieves ben must give benefit back

Question 17

what studies support norms & rules

Answer 17

ting toomey et al

Question 18

what did ting toomey et al find?

Answer 18

individ cultures reciprocated as voluntary wheres collectivists duty e.g japanese c= specific rules and gift giving which could affect r’s

Question 19

research for social mobility?

Answer 19

those with low opportunities to interact arrange ‘non vol’ marriages which makes sense and appears to work well. divorce rates low & in 50% of spouses have been reported to fallen in love with another. (epstein et al)

Question 20

research for social mobility part 2?

Answer 20

no difference in marital satisfaction was found when comparing non arranged marriages in us. although frowned upon in western societies such as traditional match making through families = some value. h.w countries like china found noticable increase in love r’s w move away from arrange 70% in 1949 to less than 10% in 1999

Question 21

study support for social mobility?

Answer 21

whyte et al

Question 22

what did whyte et al?

Answer 22

women in chengdu married love= better than arranged choice is important in sustainable r regardless of culture

Question 23

disadvantage of research?

Answer 23

cultural bias (maybe unique culture) mg x apply across china
gender bias as men not asked

Question 24

research for arranged marriages?

Answer 24

those were parents control, cause parents in better position to judge and not blinded by love to see longer term probs

Question 25

study for arranged marriages?

Answer 25

whyte et al

Question 26

what did whyte et al say?

Answer 26

study of mate choice found freedom to choose ones partner key determinant of marital stability.

Question 27

research for cultural shifts?

Answer 27

wests shift to non perm r’s= relatives new culture shift. 50yrs go divorce =rare & extended farm groups=more common.divorce according to statistical office of european communities saw 2 per 1000 women divorcing in 1960 while 12 in 2007. could be related to greater urbanisation,social mobility and linked to development of nation rather than western/non/individ/collection

Question 28

what could be argued with cultural shifts?

Answer 28

whole collectivist & individ approach may be down to how developed a country is. e.g. india like china + developed- seen love as growning component in r’s absorb traditional cultures

Question 29

what did mckenry et al ?

Answer 29

found that cultures where women independant /influencial divorce rates increase. low divorce in collectivit not indication of happy marriage but male dominance

Question 30

what did gupta & singh ?

Answer 30

contradicted when studying 100 indian marriages of professionally educated couples. 50 arranged and 50 love. love= initial increase but down and arranged low love but increased over time. in some countries arranged beneficial overall.

Question 31

what bout media influences?

Answer 31

could be western cultures increase in divorce due to this & everyone consistency seeking ‘ideal’ partner. strong role of nurture & environment shaping r’s may also be key determinant.

Question 32

eval of influence of culture on r’s?

Answer 32

much r used from self reports & qs= potential risk of bias. e.g may not write about unhappy marraige etc

Question 33

positive of influence of culture on r’s?

Answer 33

even arranged m - the potential c still have a say with no control being a rare occurrence even in traditional c’s

most partners in arranged m have right to consent & couples meet thru functions/3rd party to still element of choice.