RELATIONSHIPS- influence of childhood on rels Flashcards
what did shaver say?
our experience of love is an integration of 3 behavioural systems acquired in early infancy & childhood
what are the 3 behaviour systems?
attachment
caregiving
sexual system
what is meant by attachment acquired in early infancy & childhood?
related to concept of IWM by bowlby
what did the IWM say?
later rels are likely to be continuation of early attach styles (secure/insecure) as the primary attach figure promotes on IWM of relationships which will set standard for later r’s
what is meant by caregiving acquired in early infancy & childhood?
knowledge about how one cares for other which learnt through modelling b of primary attach figure
what is meant by sexual system acquired in early infancy & childhood?
also learnt through early attach e.g those who suffered an avoidant attach may look sex without love pleasurable
what are the studies in relation to this topic?
qualer et al nangle et al schneider et al simpson et al belsky et al
what did qualer et al say?
shown how many children & interaction with peers. way child thinks bout self determined by experiences that become internalised/result develops a sense of their own value & how approach adult rels
what did nangle propose?
that childrens friendships= training ground for adult rels. this close r’s could play a significant role in developing character roles as characterised by affection,alliance & intimacy= important qualities in adult rels.
what is the gender diff study?
schneider et al
what is schneider et al proposing?
girls more intimate friendships while boys = moe competitive. could affect how both genders develop in ability to interact with peers later in life too and s.s. ‘intra sexual comp’ among males may offer reason of gender diff
critiscm of schneider?
may be flawed in assumption that it is early attachment styles alone shaping later rels but differences in gender also due to socialisation- nature /nurture due to males competitive streak
what did emin et al say with schneiders study?
any gender diff are over emphasised and many similarities are overlooked
what does simpson et al study suggest?
longitudinal study 25yrs involving 28 p at 4 key points. Infancy,childhood,adolescence,adulthood. findings supported the claim that expressions of emotions in adults related back 2 early experiences
positive of simpson et al?
allows reorders 2 observe b first had as to asking people 2 rely on memory (biased (affected)
negative of simpson et al?
other variables could be affecting adult r’s such as cultural/social
what did fraley et aldo ?
conducted meta analysis of studies found positive correlations btw early attch and later r’s. implication is greater support likely needed in childhood stage to encourage social int etc as could affect adulthood with diff adult rels
negative of fraley et al?
only considered us (cultural bias)
limited to us children & adults 4 most part
what did belsky et al do?
secure women less conflict w husban than in. also found to manage conflict and this applied to dating and married c. secure ind more committed and feel greater love for partners
how does shaver support belsky?
supports early attach to later
what did hamilton et al find?
found secure children =insecure later in life due to negative life events
what did rutter et al find?
insecure in childhood did not always resonated into poor adult r’s
postive of rutter et al?
suggests bigger role 4 nurture and environment shaping 1s b for more than that of attach styles
eval of childhood on adult r’s? 1
reductionist - dont factor other complex things . say attach to later r’s but more complex e.g experiences. cause we have free will which allows us to break away from early attach addressing problem areas
eval of childhood on adult r’s? 2
deterministic assume fate sealed by childhood but in truth we are constantly learning and adapting so attach styles may change
eval of childhood on adult r’s? 3
studies that find correlation attach styles and success of later rs never can be proven either. impossible for cause and effect as could be other factors
eval of childhood on adult r’s? 4
any probs later in adulthood could be down to other things. so big methodological probs for such longitudinal study
eval of childhood on adult r’s? 5
such studies in attach styles e.g ainsworth are culturally specific and not applicable 2 non western (cultural bias)
