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Food Tech > Relationships between diet and health > Flashcards

Relationships between diet and health Flashcards

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1
Q

what does DRV stand for?

A

Dietary reference values

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2
Q

What does RNI stand for?

A

Reference Nutrient Intakes

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3
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

Estimated Average Requirements

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4
Q

What does LRNI stand for?

A

Lower Reference Nutrient Intakes

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5
Q

What does GDA stand for?

A

Guideline daily amounts

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6
Q

What does BMR stand for?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

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7
Q

What is energy balance?

A

The balance between energy in (food ingested) and energy out (exercise)

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8
Q

Why is it important to have a good energy balance?

A

It is important as if we don’t have a good energy balance then overtime we put on weight if the energy is not being used up. This could lead to other problems.

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9
Q

What is BMR?

A

It is the minimum caloric requirement needed to sustain life in an individual at complete rest. It is responsible for burning up to 70% of the calories you burn each day.

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10
Q

How are calories burnt?

A

Through respiration, the pumping of blood around the body, and maintenance of body temperature. The body will also burn more calories through daily living e.g walking, talking) and physical activity.

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11
Q

What determines a persons BMR?

A

Many things such as GENETICS, GENDER, WEIGHT, BODY SURFACE AREA, GLANDS, AGE, DIET, EXERCISE, BODY FAT, BODY TEMPERATURE

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12
Q

How does BMR relate to weight loss?

A

BMR determines overall metabolic rate and how many calories you need to maintain, lose or gain weight.

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13
Q

If caloric intake is decreased drastically, what happens to BMR?

A

It decreases your BMR also so your metabolism slows down.

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14
Q

If a person wants to lose weight, is it better to have a lower or higher BMR?

A

Higher as metabolism is faster, burning more calories.

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15
Q

Does energy balance have to be balanced every day?

A

No, its having a balance over time that will help you stay at a healthy weight for the long term.

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16
Q

What effect do the GLANDS have on a person’s BMR?

A

Thyorxin which is produced in the thyroid gland, is a primary hormone that regulates BMR and speeds up the metabolism in the body. The more of thyorxin produced, the higher the BMR.

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17
Q

What effect does GENETICS have on BMR?

A

Some people are born with faster metabolisms

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18
Q

How does GENDER affect BMR?

A

Men have lower body fat and greater muscle mass (higher BMR than women)

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19
Q

How does WEIGHT affect BMR?

A

The heavier the weight the higher the BMR

20
Q

How does BODY SURFACE AREA affect BMR?

A

Tall and thin people have higher BMR compared to shorter people with the same weight.

21
Q

How does AGE affect BMR?

A

BMR decreases with age. Drops by 2% after the age of 20.

22
Q

How does temperature affect BMR?

A

A prolonged exposure to cold or to heat causes BMR to increase.

23
Q

How does EXERCISE affect BMR?

A

Exercise helps raise BMR by building extra lean tissue.

24
Q

How does FAT PERCENTAGE affect BMR?

A

The lower the body fat percentage the higher the BMR

25
Q

How does DIET affect BMR?

A

Restrictive caloric intake= lower BMR by about 20%

26
Q

What does BMI stand for?

A

Body mass index

27
Q

What is the ideal range of BMI?

A

18.5 - 24.9

28
Q

What must BMI be at when a person is classed as overweight?

A

Over 25

29
Q

What does BMI tell you?

A

Whether your weight is the ideal weight for your height.

30
Q

What must be considered if your BMI is overweight or obese? Why?

A

Weight loss as being overweight or obese can increase the risk of heart problems and other issues such as heart and kidney disease, strokes, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and some types of cancer.

31
Q

What sort of health problems could being underweight cause?

A

Brittle bones, absent periods in women and Iron deficiency.

32
Q

What other factors should be taken into consideration when measuring BMI?

A

Factors such as muscle weighs more than fat e.g. a boxer may have a very healthy weight but their BMI would class them as being obese.

33
Q

What does a healthy diet consist of?

A

The correct amount of DRV nutrients for our personal needs.

34
Q

How many portions of fruit do the department of health suggest that we should intake per day?

A

5 a day

35
Q

How many portions of cereals (grains) should we take daily? (recommended by the department of health)

A

5 portions a day

36
Q

How much meat fish and alternatives should we intake daily? (recommended by the department of health)

A

2 or 3 portions a day

37
Q

How much of sugary and fatty foods should we consume a day? (recommended by the department of health)

A

Small amounts, only of foods containing fat and sugar.

38
Q

How much dairy products should we take daily? recommended by the department of health)

A

2 or 3 portions, preferably low fat versions.

39
Q

What does an unhealthy diet consist of?

A

One with high quantities of fats, sugars and salts and low amounts of NSP. (often related to eating too many snacks and junk food)

40
Q

What can an unhealthy diet lead to?

A

Obesity, Strokes, High blood pressure, Coronary heart disease, Cancer of the colon, Tooth decay.

41
Q

How do manufacturers respond to the DRVs and GDA’s? What consumer issues are there? How do they respond to demand?

A

They recognise the changes in demand and realise that HEALTHY OPTION FOODS appeal to consumers therefore they produce low fat, low salt, low sugar and high NSP foods. ORGANIC FOODS these are products which have been produced without chemical substances such as pesticides. They are becoming very popular as consumers are becoming more concerned with health, moral and ethical issues. GM foods- also being increasingly used, especially in imported foods but they are not easy to recognise.

42
Q

What are DRV’s?

A

They are a series of estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy people in the UK. They are not recommendations or goals.

43
Q

What is a Kilojoule?

A

It is a unit of measure for energy.Food energy has to be measured in terms of large calories (Cal) which has the same value as 4.186 kilojoules (kJ).

44
Q

What is a kilocalorie?

A

There are 1,000 small calories in one large Calorie.

45
Q

What are dietary reference values?

A

A set of standards set by COMA of the amounts of energy and the 33 nutrients needed to maintain good health. (People differ with the amount needed). They are provided as four values- EAR, RNI, LRNI, Safe intake.

46
Q

When does thermogenesis take place?

A

Thermogenesis takes place when a portion of dietary calories in excess of those required for immediate energy requirements are converted to heat rather than stored as fat.

47
Q

What is NEAT? activity with thermogenesis

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise. It ranges from the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks and fidgeting.

Food Tech (22 decks)

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