Relationships Flashcards
Sprecher & Hendrick 2004 - findings on factors in attraction
Found strong correlations between satisfaction and self-disclosure
Suggests self-disclosure is important in attraction
May be correlation not causation
Kerchoff and David 1962 - findings on factors affecting attraction
Found similarity was more important in early relationship
Complementarity is more important later in relationships
Supports filter theory
Huseman 1987 - findings on theories of relationships
Found some people feel they deserve to over benefit (entitleds) whilst others are happy to under benefit (benevolents)
Suggests equity is less important for some people
Rusbult & Martz 1995 - findings on theories of relationships
Domestically abused women most likely to return to partner if large investment size
Suggests that investment size explains why people stay in relationships even when they underbenefit
Le & Agnew 2003 - findings for theories of relationships
Found satisfaction, C-alt and investment all predicted relationship commitment
Investment model is supported by evidence
Witty & Joinson 2009 - findings on virtual relationships
Questions asked online tend to be intense, direct and intimate. Hyper honest or hyper dishonest
Suggests hyper personal model is correct
Moghaddam 1993 - findings on theories of relationships
Argue relationships are voluntary and often end in individualistic cultures
In collectivist cultures relationships often ‘obligatory’
Suggests Duck’s phase model is culturally biased
Ruppel 2017 - findings on virtual relationships
Found frequency, breadth and depth of self-disclosure was greater in FTF relationships
Suggests hyper-personal model may be incorrect and reduced causes theory may be true
McKenna and Bargh 2000 - findings on virtual relationships
Found socially anxious people are more able to express feelings online and form significantly mor successful romantic relationships online than FTF
Suggests absence of gating is helpful
Kurdek 1995 - findings on theories of romantic relationships
Found positive correlation between commitment levels and perceives profit levels
Suggests perception of profit is significant factor in forming relationships (ignore equity and support SET)
Argyle 1987 - argument on theories of romantic relationships
We only monitor costs and rewards after we become dissatisfied
Criticism of SET
Utne 1984 - findings on theories of romantic relationships
Found bigger correlation between equity and satisfaction, than profit and satisfaction
Suggests equity is bigger factor than profit (SET)
Aumer-Ryan 2007 - findings on theories for romantic relationships
Found in Jamaica (collectivist) there is bigger correlation between satisfaction and profit, than satisfaction and equity
Suggests equity theory is culturally biased towards individualistic cultures
Maltby 2005 - findings on parasocial relationships
Adolescent females reported intense-personal parasocial relationships with female celebrities whose body shape they admired. They had poor body image.
Suggests positive correlation between intensity of parasocial relationship and poor psychological functioning
McCutcheon 2006 - findings on theories of parasocial relationships
Found no link between attachment type and levels of parasocial relationships
Suggests parasocial relationships are not a way of compensating for childhood attachment issues like assumed
Cunningham 1995 - findings on factors affecting attractiveness
Found neotenous features (baby face) are consistently rated more attractive cross culturally
Physical attractiveness is mathematic and therefore objective
Palmer & Peterson 2012 - findings on factors affecting attraction
Found that physically attractive people were consistently rated as more competent and knowledgeable
Attractiveness creates a positive bias called the Halo Effect
Tang 2013 - findings on factors affecting attraction
Individualistic cultures self-disclose significantly more sexual thoughts than collectivist cultures
Suggests importance of self-disclosure is culturally relative
Clark & Hatfield 1989 - findings on explanations for partner preference
‘I have been noticing you around campus. I find you to be very attractive. Would you go to bed with me tonight?’
Females 0% agreed
Males 75% agreed
Supports evolutionary theory that females are more selective than males
Buss 1989 - findings on explanations for partner preferences
Found females value resource related characteristics more (money)
Males value reproductive capacity more (physical attractiveness and youth)
Who came up with the social penetration theory and what does it include?
Altman and Taylor
Includes theory of self-disclosure
