Attachment Flashcards
Goldfarb 1947
Children who remain in institutions showed significantly lower IQ than those fostered
Suggests intelligence is adversely affected by maternal deprivation
Lorenz 1952
Found goslings imprint on whoever hatches them in the critical period (following and mating)
Suggests that attachment helps birds (maybe humans) to learn and know who to mate with
Van Ijzenddorn 1988
SA = 50-75% in all cultures but lowest in collectivist cultures which have higher insecure resistant
Suggests attachment is innate but cultures can have effect
Cultural differences in attachment
Rutter 2011
Children adopted after 6 months had lower IQ and high disinhibited attachment, reverse for those adopted earlier
Supports Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation
Bailey 2007
Mothers attachment style is passed on to children
Suggests we do have internal working model to shape future relationships
Supports Bowlby’s model
Harlow 1958
Monkeys attach to cloth mother instead of wire (feeding) mother
Suggests fear reduction from contact comfort is more important than food
Contradicts behaviourism
Ainsworth 1970
SA = 60-75
insecure avoidant = 20-25%
insecure resistant = 3%
Bowlby 1944
14 of 44 theives were affectionless psychopaths and 12 had been deprived of attachment
Supports Bowlby’s theory of mat.dep
Contradicted by Lewis’ replication
Hazen & Shaver 1989
SA had best romantic relationships, IA most likely to be divorced
Suggests quality of attachment predicts quality of relationships
Grossman 2002
Attachment to mother and quality of play with father predict later attachment
Suggests role of father is different and is centred around play
Shaffer & Emerson 1964
Asocial stage = 0-2 months
Indiscriminate = 2-7 months
Specific = 7-12 months
Multiple = 12 months +
Brazelton
Babies showed distress when mothers were not responsive, so suggests social releasers are important in attachment
